What Are Terms of Reference?

Powers refer to powers within the scope of their duties. Authority refers to the power inherent in management positions to issue orders and hope that orders can be executed. Power is a major tenet of classical scholars: it is seen as the glue that holds organizations together. Powers can be delegated to subordinate managers, granting them certain powers, and stipulating that they exercise this power within a limited scope.

[zhí quán]

Powers refer to powers within the scope of their duties. Authority is the order and hope inherent in a management position

Refers to powers within the scope of duties.

The Qing Duanfang "Please change the official system to prepare for the constitutional break": "Revised

Formal theory : authority comes from the owner of the organization

Each management position has some specific, inherent power, and the incumbent can obtain this power from the rank or title of the position. Therefore, authority is related to a certain position in the organization and is a kind of

Powers are divided into three forms, namely straight-line powers, staff powers and functional powers.

Authority

Straight line authority refers to the power given to a manager to direct the work of his subordinates, which is also commonly referred to as the command right. Obviously, the supervisors of each management level have this kind of authority, but each management level has different functions, and the size and scope of their authority are different.

Staff authority

The so-called staff authority means that the manager has a certain right of suggestion or review, which can evaluate the activities of the line, and then make suggestions or provide services.

Authority

The functional authority refers to the part of the power originally owned by the staff member or the head of a department that was originally a line supervisor. In the case of pure staff, staff members have only subsidiary powers and no command authority. However, with the increasing complexity of management activities, it is still difficult for executives to make final decisions based on the advice of staff members only. In order to improve and improve management efficiency, supervisors may make certain changes in their power relations and replace some of their original ownership. The line of authority is granted to the staff or the head of a department, which creates functional authority.