What are Perceptual Disabilities?

Perception: It is a direct reflection of the entirety of objective things in the human brain. It is a comprehensive image formed by integrating individual attributes or parts of objective things in the brain, and by virtue of previous similar appearances and memory experiences.

Impaired perception

Overview of Perceptual Symptoms

Impaired human perception

Perceptual anomalies due to various reasons. Perception is the most common of mental process disorders and is a major symptom of many mental illnesses.

Feeling and consciousness are the basic psychological processes of human beings. They are the basis or primary stage of human understanding of the objective world and reflect the external characteristics of things. The two are often called "perception." Perceived experience is processed and transformed in the human brain to form ideas or thinking, which is the advanced stage of the cognitive process. Therefore, perception is the source of knowledge. But perception and concept are different. Perceived content has the characteristics of objectivity, vividness, non-subordination to itself, and does not change with one's will. If we see something, then we will feel where it is, the outline is clear and the colors are bright, it is not subordinate to ourselves, and we cannot change this perception experience according to our wishes. Sensation refers to the individual body's perception of the individual attributes of objective things, such as light, color, sound, temperature, shape, weight, etc., through the sensory system. Perception is the process of further processing the various attributes of things and using the past experience to form an overall impression. For example, when the red flag is fluttering in the wind, when we obtain this consciousness, we combine the sensory attributes of shape, color, size, hardness, and softness. Vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, balance, movement, such as viscera, are different types of sensations, which reflect the individual attributes of things. Perception is people's comprehensive perception of things, which is more complicated than feeling. Abnormal changes in the perception process are called sensory disturbances. At this time, the main characteristics of perception are still preserved. Based on the patient's description of the perception disorder experience and the patient's behavioral response, it is not difficult to see that his perceived image has objective, real, vivid and vivid characteristics. Sensory disorders are more common in neuropsychiatric disorders; sensory disorders are more common in neurological disorders, and sensory disorders are more common in mental disorders. Because the different types of perceptual disorders and their characteristics in combination with other symptoms have important diagnostic significance, it is necessary to recognize the different types of perceptual disorders. Some perceptual disorders (such as hallucinations) have a significant effect on the patient's mood and behavior, and may cause the patient to refrain from food, run away, suicide or hurt others. Therefore, when the patient has a sensory disturbance, he should be sent to a neurologist or psychiatrist for timely examination. Perceptual disturbances can occur at the same time as sensory disturbances (especially in the case of neuropathy). Perceptual synthesis disorder refers to the cognition of the essence of things, but the distortion of its individual attributes. ^[1]

Classification of Perceptual Disorders

(illusion) Illusion

It is distorted perception, that is, distorted perception of what actually exists as something completely incompatible with reality. Normal people can also produce illusions in special situations, but normal people's illusions occur by accident and can usually be corrected and eliminated quickly after verification (the latter is also called "physical illusion"). We are all soldiers. "

(hallucination) Hallucination

It is a kind of illusory consciousness, which means that something does not exist in objective reality, but the patient perceives it.

Illusions include the following:

Hall Audition hallucination: It is the most common form of hallucination. It refers to the perceptual experience of sound when there is no sound stimulation. Common are: imperative auditory auditory, critical auditory auditory, and controversial auditory auditory.

Hall hallucination (visual hallucination): refers to the experience of the visual image that appears without visual stimulation.

(3) olfactory hallucination: refers to the olfactory experience when there is no olfactory stimulation, most of which are some unpleasant and unpleasant smells.

Gustatory hallucination: A patient who refuses to eat because he or she tastes something special or strange in the food.

Tactile hallucination: The patient feels some abnormal sensations on the skin or mucous membrane, such as insect crawling, wind blowing, numbness, stabbing sensation, and inductance.

visceral hallucination: refers to the patient's experience of some abnormal perception of a certain part of the body or a certain organ. If the patient clearly feels that one of his internal organs is twisting, perforating, or that insects are moving in the stomach.

Three special types of hallucinations

Functional hallucination: It means that at the same time that objective stimulus causes a perceptual experience, the same sensory organ produces a hallucinatory experience. The hallucinatory experience and the perception of truth coexist and disappear at the same time, being independent from each other and not merging with each other.

Reflective hallucinations: Refer to the fact that objective stimuli cause some kind of sensory experience, and at the same time, a sensory experience is produced in another type of sensory organ.

Psychogenic hallucinations: hallucinations that are directly related to psychological factors. The contents of hallucinations have a strong emotional color and fantasy, which is something that patients eagerly await. Psychosensory disturbance

Perceived comprehensive impairment refers to the patient's correct understanding of the essential attributes or the entirety of an objective thing, but some individual attributes (such as image, size, color, location, distance, etc.) of this thing, or some parts of it have a wrong understanding.

Comprehensive disorder of spatial perception: The patient feels that the surrounding people or objects have changed in size, orientation, distance, etc. Divided into: visual deformity, visually significant disease, visually significant disease

Comprehensive impairment of time perception: Patients experience incorrect perception of the speed of time. If the patient feels that the whole world has stagnated, he feels like he is living a good life.

(3) Perceived comprehensive obstacles to changes in the surrounding environment: The patient feels that everything around him seems to be inactive, or on the contrary, that everything around him is changing rapidly and violently. In addition, the patient may feel that the surroundings seem to be unclear, ambiguous, and lack of realism. This phenomenon is called "non-realism".

Comprehensive perception of body structure: physical disorder, speculum symptoms