What Are the Different Types of Developmental Disabilities?

According to the information of Good Doctor's website, the etiology of the disease is inconclusive, and may be related to certain sensory functions of the brain tissue, especially impaired hearing discrimination. Others believe that it is caused by deficiencies in brain function such as auditory perception, auditory memory, auditory integration, auditory understanding and expression.

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder (developmental language disorder) refers to language disorders caused by delayed development, not due to hearing impairment, central nervous system organic damage, and severe mental retardation. Developmental language disorder is divided into expressive language disorder and sensory language disorder.

The pathogenesis of developmental language disorder

Two classifications of developmental language disorders

Expressive language disorder refers to a specific language developmental disorder. Children's ability to use oral expression is significantly lower than their intellectual age. However, language comprehension is within the normal range, and abnormal pronunciation is optional.

Receptive language disorder refers to a specific language development disorder. Children's understanding of language is lower than their intellectual age. Almost all children's language expression is significantly impaired, and language development abnormalities are common.

Essentials for diagnosing developmental language disorders

Clinical manifestations of developmental language disorder

Delayed language development is the most important manifestation. When you are 1 year old, you will not be called "Dad" or "Mom". When you are 2 years old, you will not be able to form words. You often use gestures, eyes and movements to express your feelings or needs.

1. Receptive language disorder

The child can hear the sound, but often does not respond to speech, cannot understand simple commands, and cannot act according to the language requirements of others. People with expressive language impairment have good language comprehension and only poor expression ability.

2. Developmental language disorder after admission

Children often have significant learning difficulties, mainly dyslexia, especially children with sensory language disorders who have poor reading skills and often have computational difficulties, often requiring special education.

3 Behavior problem

This kind of children often suffer from behavioral problems such as anxiety, withdrawal, short attention span, hyperactivity or violations due to learning difficulties and language expression difficulties when interacting with classmates. The children's intelligence is normal, their visual perception and visual perception of space are normal, their internal language development is normal, and they are consistent with normal children in completing some creative games, drawing, and music.

4 Hearing loss

Children with sensory speech impairment often have mild hearing loss, and the hearing curve of electrical audiometry is often unstable and fluctuating.

Developmental language disorder diagnostic criteria

1. CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria for expressive language disorders (F80.1)

(1) Speech ability is significantly lower than actual age. When he was 2 years old, he could not speak a word, when he was 3 years old, he could not speak a short sentence of two words. When he was older, he still had a small vocabulary, short speech, and syntax errors.

(2) The language understanding ability is normal.

(3) The normal IQ of the standardized test is normal (Wechsler Child Intelligence Test, operational IQ, and total IQ 70).

(4) Not caused by hearing impairment, oral disease, neurological disease, mental retardation, or extensive developmental disorders.

2. CCMD-3 Diagnostic Criteria for Receptive Language Disorders (F80-2)

(1) Speech comprehension is lower than actual age. At the age of one, he did not respond to the familiar name. At the age of two, he still could not follow the simple passwords of daily life. Later, he appeared to be unable to understand the grammatical structure, the meaning of other people's intonation, and gestures. The severity exceeded the range of the same-age children.

(2) Poor language expression and pronunciation.

(3) The IQ of the non-verbal intelligence test is at a normal level (Wechsler children's intelligence test, operating IQ 70).

(4) Not caused by hearing impairment, oral disease, neurological disease, mental retardation, or extensive developmental disorders.

Differential diagnosis of developmental language disorder

1. Mental retardation

The main feature of the disease is low intelligence, and the operation IQ is also significantly reduced.

2. Deaf-mute

In the early stage, he could not hear any sound, could not learn to speak, and caused deafness. Hearing test could confirm the diagnosis.

3 Infant autism

The child has less language, and has difficulty expressing or speaking new words that make people incomprehensible. However, children with autism often have obvious mental symptoms, such as being lonely, not interested in the surrounding environment, not using eyes to communicate with people, stereotyped ritual behaviors, and inherent language loss. It should also be distinguished from selective mutism and developmental language ambiguity.

Developmental language disorders

Mainly special training for language, without medication.

The prognosis of people with expression language impairment is generally good, and they can gradually gain language ability with age without treatment. The main point is to train children to imitate other people's speech, and it is best that parents also participate in the training.

Those with sensory language impairment have a poor general language. After special training, children with mild disease recover well; those with severe disease have poor results, and those with hearing impairment who are accompanied by hearing impairment are almost impossible to cure. The training focuses on language comprehension, auditory memory and auditory perception. ^[1]