What Are the Effects of Rubella during Pregnancy?

Rubella virus belongs to the togavirus group in arthropod mediator virus and is the pathogenic virus of rubella. Thweller and faneva (1962) and pdparkman et al. (1962) were isolated from pharyngeal washing fluid of patients with rubella. Virus particles are polymorphic, 50-85 nanometers, and coated. The particles contain RNA (infectious nucleic acid) with a molecular weight of 2.6-4.0 × 106. Diethyl ether and 0.1% deoxycholate can passivate it and weaken it in heat.

Rubella virus is the pathogen of rubella and belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is irregularly spherical and enveloped. Enveloping spikes are hemagglutinating and can agglutinate birds and O-type red blood cells. The virus has single-stranded positive-stranded RNA and only one serotype.

Humans are the source of rubella, and children are the main susceptible person. The virus invades the human body through the respiratory tract. The incubation period is 2 to 3 weeks. The virus first enters the bloodstream after proliferation of epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract and spreads to the whole body. Light red maculopapular rash first appeared on the face and near the ears, and spread quickly throughout the body. Short course and few complications. Adults have more severe symptoms after infection. In addition to rash, they are accompanied by joint pain, thrombocytopenia, and post-rash encephalitis.

Rubella virus infection during pregnancy can be transmitted vertically causing fetal congenital malformations. Infection with rubella virus within 5 months of pregnancy is the most harmful to the fetus, causing fetal death or postnatal manifestations of congenital heart disease, deafness, cataracts, and decreased intellectual development. These congenital damages are collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome. Robust immunity is obtained after rubella virus infection. Live attenuated rubella vaccine is an effective measure to prevent rubella. The inoculation target is women of childbearing age and school-age children who are negative for rubella antibodies. ^[1]

For pregnant women,

There is no specific treatment for rubella. During the fever, pay attention to bed rest. You can take Chinese medicine to clear heat and detoxify, and give a liquid or semi-liquid diet. Those with comorbidities can be treated as comorbidities. ^[3]