What Are Thiamine Deficiency Symptoms?

Vitamin B1 is Thiamine, and the in vivo active type is thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP). Once it is deficient, it can cause a series of nervous system circulatory symptoms, which is called beriberi. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble. Except that bacteria in the intestine can synthesize a part of vitamin B1 in the human body, the human body cannot synthesize vitamin B1 itself. It is mainly derived from food. It is often stored in food with other B vitamins. It is found in cereals, nuts, animal offal, It is rich in eggs and yeast, less in human milk and breast milk, and cereals are mostly in the ectoderm (bran, bran), so it is easy to lose during refining, and can be lost when washing rice too much, and it can also be suffered when adding rice to cooking. damage.

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Causes of vitamin B1 deficiency:

(I) Insufficient intake: The daily intake requirement for normal adult men is 1.2-1.5mg, and for females 1.0-1.1mg, which is related to energy requirements, generally not less than 0.5mg / 1000kcal. Vitamin B1 in yeast, animal tissue, beans, peanuts, wheat,

Diagnosis of vitamin B1 deficiency:

Early vitamin B1 deficiency can manifest as loss of appetite, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and weight loss. As the condition worsens, typical cardiovascular and nervous system symptoms (peripheral neuritis) can occur.

(A) the nervous system

Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system is called dryberiberi. The most typical manifestations of vitamin B1 deficiency are ascending symmetry and impaired motor and reflex function. The onset usually starts from the distal end of the limb, and the lower limbs are more common in the upper limbs. They may have burning or strange sensations. They are distributed in socks and gradually develop towards the proximal ends of the limbs. Feeling disappeared in turn. With decreased muscle strength and muscle pain, with gastrocnemius muscles ascending and descending stairs. Then, the feet and toes droop, muscles contract, and can't afford bed rest. Tendons, knees, and other reflex functions are initially hyperactive, but they generally diminish or disappear later, and some patients still cannot fully recover after cure. Central nervous system damage can involve the vagus nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, abductor nerve, auditory nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and phrenic nerve. Presented as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Symptoms include vomiting, nystagmus (horizontal than vertical tremor), paralysis of the eye muscles, fever, ataxia, changes in consciousness, and then coma. It can also be accompanied by memory loss, decreased learning ability, and fiction.

(B) the cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular damage is called

Differential diagnosis of vitamin B1 deficiency:

Diagnosis should be distinguished from diseases with similar symptoms, such as cough, shortness of breath, aspiration pneumonia, and acute laryngitis; first symptoms include vomiting and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; cerebral beriberi and central nervous system infection Such as encephalitis, meningitis, etc .; cardiac beriberi and various diseases that cause acute heart failure, such as endocardial elastic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, etc .; peripheral neuritis and polyradiculitis, polio Identification of other diseases.

If it is clinically consistent with vitamin B1 deficiency and improves after treatment with vitamin B1, but relapses after discontinuation of the drug, vitamin B1 dependence caused by hereditary pyruvate carboxylase deficiency should be considered.

Vitamin B1 deficiency treatment and prevention:

General vitamin B1 deficiency can be used oral thiamine tablets 5 to 10mg, 3 times a day. If it cannot be taken orally or intestinal malabsorption, 10 mg intramuscularly can be injected once or twice daily. For critically ill patients, 50 to 100 mg of thiamine should be given intravenously or intramuscularly. After 20 to 40 mg injection every 4 hours, heart failure and edema can obviously be supplemented with diuretics until the symptoms of heart failure disappear.

Generally, the symptoms can be relieved within 24 to 96 hours, and then changed to oral thiamine 10 mg 3 times a day. At the same time, yeast tablets or compound vitamin B can be given to prevent or supplement other B vitamins in the body. The diseases that cause this disease, such as typhoid fever, digestive tract diseases, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, etc., should also be actively treated.

This disease is often accompanied by deficiency of other B vitamins and should be supplemented appropriately at the same time. Because adrenocortical hormones can counteract the effects of vitamin B1, excessive folic acid and niacin can affect vitamin B1 phosphorylation, so care should be taken during treatment.

How to supplement vitamin B1

Vitamin Bl is widely present in natural foods, and its content varies with the type of food. It is also affected by processing and cooking, so pay attention to the following points:

1 Adjust the diet structure The finer the rice noodles are processed, the less vitamin Bl content. Therefore, don't always give your child refined white noodles. Under the premise of not affecting the child's appetite, it is necessary to match the thickness and thickness, and eat more beans and other miscellaneous grains, such as millet, mung beans and other foods, which are rich in vitamin Bl, and the proportion of meat in the diet should be appropriately increased.

2. Improve cooking methods to increase the utilization and preservation of vitamin B1 in food. If the method of fishing is not good, we should promote the method of steaming rice without discarding juice. As the vitamin B1 in flour is more stable in acidic environment and easily damaged in alkaline environment, it is not advisable to add alkali for baking, and fresh yeast baking should be promoted. When cooking noodles, about 50% of the vitamin BI is lost to the noodle soup, so. If you eat noodles, drink some soup and make full use of the nutrients in the noodle soup. Because high-temperature frying and adding alkali will destroy the vitamin Bl in the dough, you should eat fried food such as fried dough sticks and oil cakes.