What Is a Non-Communicable Disease?

Non-infectious chronic disease (NCD) refers to a long-term, incurable disease that can hardly be cured. The focus of chronic diseases involved in the regulation refers to those diseases with morbidity, disability, high mortality, and high medical costs, with clear preventive measures. At present, it mainly refers to a group of diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psycho-psychological diseases.

Chronic non-communicable diseases

A chronic non-communicable disease refers to a non-communicable disease that is more than 3 months from the date of discovery. These diseases are mainly caused by exposure to occupational and environmental factors, lifestyle and behavior, such as tumors, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental illness, etc., and are generally non-infectious.

Name of chronic non-communicable diseases

Overview of chronic non-communicable diseases

These diseases are mainly caused by exposure to occupational and environmental factors, lifestyle and behavior, such as tumors, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental illness, etc., and are generally non-infectious. The occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases is related to smoking, alcoholism, unreasonable diet, lack of physical activity, and mental factors.

As the number of deaths from chronic diseases accounts for 60% of the total, 80% of chronic diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries, and about one-half of chronic disease deaths occur in people under the age of 70. Chronic diseases have the same opportunity for men and women in the world. Patients die prematurely before the age of expectation. If major risk factors can be controlled, 80% of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes can be prevented, and 40% of cancers can be prevented.

Characteristics of chronic non-communicable diseases

1 The etiology is complex, and the onset is related to multiple behavioral factors;

2 Long incubation period, no clear time for illness;

3 long course of disease, with the development of the disease, the performance is shown to be progressively impaired or disabled, serious health damage;

4 Difficult to cure completely, manifested as irreversible.

Types of chronic non-communicable diseases

Chronic non-communicable diseases

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and stroke are common.

Chronic non-communicable diseases

Common obesity, diabetes, gout, iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis and so on.

Malignant neoplasm (cancer) of chronic non-communicable diseases

Mainly gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and so on.

Chronic non-communicable diseases

Mental and psychological disorders, overwork; obsessive-compulsive, anxious; depression; menopause syndrome.

Chronic non-communicable diseases

Dental caries, periodontal disease, etc.

Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases

Genetic factors: related to genetic mutations

Environmental factors: age, overweight and obesity, long-term overeating, insufficient exercise, nutritional imbalances, smoking and drinking, viral infections, autoimmunity, and exposure to chemical poisons.

Mental factors: mental stress, emotional excitement, and various stress states.

Prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases

Chronic non-communicable diseases (referred to as chronic diseases) are a group of diseases closely related to bad behaviors and lifestyles, such as cardiovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and so on. Studies have confirmed that the occurrence of chronic disease is related to smoking, alcoholism, unreasonable diet, lack of physical activity, and mental factors. Chronic disease has the characteristics of long course, complex etiology, persistence, no self-healing and little cure, serious health damage and serious social harm. Chronic disease is an important public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, chronic disease is the number one cause of death and disability globally, and chronic disease has increased the global burden of disease.

Prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases The health of residents in Hunan Province is also facing the threat of chronic diseases. According to the analysis of the composition of major diseases among urban and rural residents in Hunan Province in 2001, the top three causes of death among urban residents are circulatory system diseases, malignant tumors, and respiratory diseases. Rural residents The top three causes of death were circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases and malignancies. The prevalence of chronic disease is on the rise. According to the 2001 sample survey of hypertension in Hunan Province, the prevalence of hypertension in the population increased by 73% in 10 years, and the age of onset was advanced. The level of exposure to major behavioral risk factors associated with chronic diseases in the population has increased, the smoking rate among adult men has remained high, and the age of first smoking has been declining. People do not yet have sufficient knowledge of the harmful effects of passive smoking. According to the nutrition survey results of residents in our province, the nutritional level of residents has been comprehensively improved, but the dietary structure is not reasonable, the intake of cereal foods has decreased, and the intake of animal foods has increased. In particular, the total heat energy ratio of fat intake of urban residents exceeds that of world health. The upper limit of the ideal ratio (30%) prescribed by the organization. Adult working people participate in less physical exercise, and more than half of people in their lives sit for more than 5 hours. The detection rate of overweight and obesity among the population has increased year by year. In view of this situation, prevention is particularly important in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Because chronic diseases often have common risk factors, in daily life, as long as you change bad behaviors, choose a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking, limit alcohol, Reasonable diet, proper physical activity, and mental health can prevent or reduce the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Chronic disease is easy to diagnose. Regular health checkups can detect chronic diseases early. Through timely treatment, it can promote rehabilitation, reduce complications and disability, and improve the quality of life.

Chronic non-communicable diseases become China's leading disease

The latest results of the National Health Service Survey released by the Ministry of Health of China on the morning of July 7, 2005 show that the number of patients in China has increased in the past 10 years, but the number of patients visiting hospitals has decreased significantly, with nearly half of the patients less Visit to the hospital. This survey shows that excluding seasonal effects, China's annual patient population is 5.08 billion, an increase of 730 million over 1993. Most of them are common and frequently-occurring diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease. It can be seen that chronic non-communicable diseases have become the leading diseases of urban and rural residents in China. At the same time, residents' utilization of medical services has declined significantly, that is, the number of people visiting hospitals is decreasing. At present, the annual number of visits to Chinese residents is 4.75 billion, which is 580 million fewer than in 1998. Of these patients, about half went to medical institutions for treatment, 35.7% took self-medicine, and 13.1% did not take any treatment. Many residents do not go to the hospital for treatment after getting sick, but instead go to a pharmacy to buy medicine and use self-medication. Experts analyze that the main reason for this change is that the growth rate of medical service costs has exceeded the growth of per capita income. Medical and health consumption expenditure has become the third largest consumption after household food and education expenditures. Experts point out that the increase in the proportion of residents' self-medical care indicates that people are paying more attention to health knowledge and disease prevention, and their self-treatment capacity is increasing. Among those over 15 years of age, 47.2% of them were able to actively acquire health care knowledge themselves. In the past 10 years, the smoking and drinking rates of urban and rural residents in China have continued to decline, and at the same time, the number of people actively participating in exercise has continued to increase. This survey shows that walking, jogging, and Taijiquan have become the main exercise methods for residents, and their average exercise time is about 50 minutes.