What Is Acute Stress Disorder?

Stress-related disorders, formerly known as reactive mental disorders or psychogenic mental disorders, refer to a group of mental disorders that are caused mainly by abnormal psychological reactions caused by psychological, social (environmental) factors.

Stress disorder

Stress disorder concept

Stress-related disorders, formerly known as reactive mental disorders or psychogenic mental disorders, refer to a group of mental disorders that are caused mainly by abnormal psychological reactions caused by psychological, social (environmental) factors.

Stress Disorder Category

Acute Stress Disorder

(Lasts several hours to a week, remission within 1 month)

A sharp, severe mental shock, which develops within minutes or hours after stimulation . It is mainly manifested as a disturbance of consciousness, a narrow range of consciousness, disorientation, unorganized speech, slow perception of surroundings, disintegration of personality, strong fear, mental movement Sexual excitement or psychomotor depression.

Post-traumatic stress disorder

(For more than 3 months. PTSD)

Also known as delayed psychogenic response. Refers to a mental disorder that occurs within months to six months after a severe or catastrophic trauma event. Such as traumatic experience repeated, face similar disaster situations can be painful and selective forgetting of traumatic experience.

Stress disorder adaptation disorder

(For more than 1 month)

It refers to the occurrence of stressful life events, the emergence of reactive emotional disorders, maladjusted sexual behavior disorders and impaired social functions based on susceptible personality. Onset usually occurs within 1 month of a life event, and the course of the disease usually does not exceed 6 months.

Causes of Stress Disorders

1. Stressors. Common stressors are the following: A. Serious life events, such as a serious traffic accident; sudden death of a loved one; being attacked by a gangster; being raped or major property damage. B. Major natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and fires, threaten lives. C. War scenes, such as a white-bladed battle where the opposing sides are in short combat.

2. Individual susceptibility: The existence of the above-mentioned stressors is undoubtedly the key to the onset of the disease, but in fact, most people who suffer from stress do not have mental disorders. This indicates that individual susceptibility also plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Such susceptibility includes: pre-ill personality, physical condition, age, etc.

Stress Disorders

Stress disorder, also known as stress response syndrome, is a disease that accompanies the development of modern society. It has not received the attention of countries around the world in recent years. This disease is not only related to the fast pace of modern society, but also to long-term recurring psychological tension, such as work, life pressure and psychological burden due to fear of dismissal, fear of being eliminated, fear of being ignored, etc. Family entanglements and self-expectations are too high. As for insomnia, fatigue, emotional excitement, restlessness, temper tantrums, doubt, loneliness, diminished interest in external things, and boredom at work, etc., are the precursors of stress response syndrome.

Acute stress response is a transient disorder that occurs as a response to severe physical or mental stress in individuals without other significant mental disorders and often resolves within hours or days. The stressor can be an unstoppable traumatic experience, including a serious threat to the safety or physical integrity of the individual or his loved one (such as natural disasters, accidents, war, assault by criminals, rape); or it can be individuals Sudden and threatening changes in social status or social networks, such as the loss of multiple relatives or friends at the same time or a fire at home. If there is physical failure or organic factors (such as the elderly), the risk of this disorder increases. Not all people with unusual stress experience obstacles, which indicates that individual susceptibility and coping ability play a role in the occurrence and severity of acute stress reactions.

After investigation by relevant foreign experts, it is believed that stress reaction syndrome is more common among enterprise managers, college and high school teachers, drivers, and people with type A personality. Among them, people with poor mental quality and people who are not good at self-psychological relief More vulnerable. White-collar workers are struggling like robots all day due to intensified social competition, accelerated life pace, stressful work, and high expectations. Some people are more likely to suffer from this disease due to more emotional entanglements, extramarital affairs, and family conflicts.

The stress response is a series of non-specific response reactions generated by the comprehensive analysis of the cerebral cortex after the body is being strongly stimulated by the outside world, such as nerve excitement, increased hormone secretion, increased blood sugar, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, accelerated breathing, etc. . It should be said that this situation is normal, and its role is to enable the body to respond quickly and promptly to the stimulus. As long as its intensity, frequency and duration are appropriate, it will not cause damage to the human body and will be beneficial to protect the body.

However, if the external stimulus is too intense (compared with my own tolerance), or it appears repeatedly over a long period of time to exceed the limit that the body can bear, it will cause pathological damage such as insomnia, persistent fatigue, fatigue, appetite Symptoms such as weakness, irritability, difficulty in concentration, memory loss, decreased sexual function, unknown low fever, but no obvious organic lesions can be detected; in severe cases, gastric ulcers, myocardial infarction and other symptoms may cause endocrine , Negative changes in immune function and behavior, this is the stress response syndrome.

Stress disorder

Stress disorder refers to a person's psychological and physical inability to effectively respond to various unexpected events that have a significant psychological or physiological impact on the person, such as war, fire, flood, earthquake, infectious disease epidemic, major Various psychophysiological reactions caused by disasters such as traffic accidents, stress disorders are also called stress-related disorders, which mainly include three categories of acute stress response, post-traumatic stress disorder, and adaptation disorder.

Acute stress response occurs earliest after the occurrence of stress disaster events, and its typical manifestations include three aspects: change in consciousness, change in behavior, and change in mood. The earliest changes in consciousness appeared, mainly manifested as loss, disorientation, I don't know where I am, and I cannot clearly perceive time and surroundings. For example, some people passed out on the spot after hearing the news of their loved ones' deaths. After waking up, they didn't know what happened, didn't know their loved ones, and they didn't know where they were. This unconsciousness sometimes lasts for a few hours, and some can last for a few days. Behavior change is mainly manifested as a significant decrease or increase in behavior and blindness. Decreased behavior is manifested in not actively speaking to family members and neglecting to talk to them. I do nt know how to cook in daily life, I do nt know how to wash my face and comb my hair, and I do nt know how to eat and sleep. The whole person's life is in chaos. Those with increased behaviors showed chaotic movements, no purpose, and even impulsive destruction. There is a lot of words, or self-confidence, the content of the speech is chaotic and has no logic. Emotional changes are mainly manifested as panic, numbness, shock, loss, anger, fear, sadness, despair, guilt, feeling helpless and unable to cope with the sudden disaster. These emotions are often very strong, such as strong anger and fear after being beaten, and extreme sadness, despair, and guilt after losing loved ones. Under the influence of strong bad emotions, individuals sometimes show some extreme behaviors. For example, under the control of extreme sadness, despair, and guilt, some people will commit suicide to relieve unacceptable pain. May also be accompanied by physical discomfort, manifested as palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness, headache, difficulty falling asleep, and nightmares.

For the affected people, it is almost difficult to quickly adjust their mental state to normal through their own strength after the disaster. People are not plants, facing the corpse across the wild, facing the once warm home that has suddenly collapsed, facing the life and death parting caused by the disaster, what should be our most normal state? It is not a change of grief, not indifference, but the state described in the above acute stress response. The emergence of this state can only show that our emotional response is normal, but it cannot show that we are fragile and not strong. As long as it is a normal flesh and blood person, it is impossible to remain indifferent to this disaster. ^[1]

Stress disorder self-regulation

In order to avoid the occurrence of stress response syndrome, it is necessary to psychologically conduct self-control and adjustment. First of all, we must fully realize that the high efficiency of modern society inevitably brings high competition and high challenges, and we must be mentally prepared for certain negative effects, so as to avoid temporary panic and increase pressure. At the same time, the state of mind must remain normal, optimistic and open-minded, not care about small things, not worry about adversity. Be good at adapting to changes in the environment and maintain peace of mind.

In addition, you must have a correct self-expectation for yourself, and you must have work and rest in your life. You must lose all your work and problems temporarily, relax your mind and body, and restore your energy and physical strength in time. Also, keep a normal emotional life. Facts show that the mutual care and love between family and friends is very important to a person's mental health. When confronted with conflict, frustration, and excessive mental stress, be good at self-relieving, such as participating in cultural, social, and tourism activities, so as to eliminate negative emotions and maintain psychological balance.

Stress Book Information

Title: Stress Disorder

Author: Zhang Li Yi

Publisher: People's Medical Publishing House

Publication time: April 2009

ISBN: 9787117113311

Folio: 16

Price: 23.00 RMB

Stress Disorder

"Stress Disorder" first introduces the basic theoretical knowledge related to stress, including a brief concept of stress, the psychological response to stress, the physiological response to stress, stress-related hormones and neurotransmitters, and then introduces psychological stress The relationship with health, the relationship between psychological stress and disease, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of stress-related disorders, and the psychological adjustment of stress and the evaluation of stress response are also introduced. Because major catastrophic events have occurred frequently in recent years, they are a serious social stressor for people and become an important public problem that threatens human health. Therefore, the psychological crisis intervention of catastrophic events is introduced at the end. Stress is an unavoidable event in life, without stress there is no life. Especially in the last ten years, with the development of productive forces, our society is undergoing complex and profound changes, and people s living and working conditions have also undergone tremendous changes. Changes in the social and economic system, changes in production methods, and the acceleration of the pace of life have all increased the pressure or burden on people to adapt to life, and made people suffer more and more intense physical and psychological stress. Therefore, psychological stress, also known as "psychological stress", has become an important issue that must be constantly addressed and carefully addressed throughout one's life.

Stress disorder author profile

Zhang Liyi, male, born in Lianshui County, Jiangsu. He graduated from the Second Military Medical University with a graduate degree. He is currently the director of the Army's Psychological Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, the chairman of the Army's Medical Psychology Professional Committee, the vice president of the Changjiang People's Liberation Army No. 120 Hospital, the chief physician, the second military medical university and the master's tutor of Jiangsu University. He is also a professional member of the International Association of Chinese Medical Psychologists (IACMSP), a mental health consultant from the Ministry of Health, a member of the Chinese Clinical Medical Association, and a deputy chairman of the Psychological Assessment Professional Committee of the Chinese Mental Health Association. He is the editorial board member of 11 journals including Chinese Medical Journal, Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science, Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, and Chinese Journal of Mental Health. He has been engaged in medical psychology and psychiatry for 37 years, and is good at psychological measurement, psychological consultation and psychological treatment. Has developed 7 psychological measurement technologies with independent intellectual property rights. A total of 31 scientific and technological progress awards have been won, including 1 provincial first prize for medical and scientific and technological progress, 16 second prize for military scientific and technological progress, and 16 third prize for military scientific and technological progress. He has edited or participated in 26-note B books such as "Clinical Psychology" and "Psychologist's Handbook", and has published more than 300 papers. It has been honored as "Science and Technology Cadre", "Science and Technology Talent" and "Medical Expert" by the Nanjing Military Region. "Belgium Paul and Wu Jieping Medical Research Second Prize" were the only winners in the army; they have won third prizes three times in the army. Enjoy special allowances from the State Council.

Stress Disorder Book Catalog

Chapter 1 Overview

The first section of the concept of stress

I. History of the concept of stress

Definition of stress

The concept of psychological stress

Section II Stressors

First, the concept and classification of stressors

Second, life events

Third, work stressors

Resources and their significance

Chapter 2 Psychological Response to Stress

Section I Overview

I. Emotional reactions

Cognitive response

Third, behavioral response

Section 2 Mediating Role of Perception in Psychological Stress

First, the process of psychological stress

The mediating role of perception

Section 3 Cognitive Evaluation of Stress

First, the concept of cognitive evaluation

The role of cognitive evaluation in psychological stress

Influential factors of cognitive evaluation

I. The nature and characteristics of stressors

Psychosocial environmental factors

Third, the characteristics of psychosomatic changes

Chapter III Physiological Response to Stress

Section I Overview

First, the pathway activated by stress physiological response

Classical models of physiological responses to stress

Regulation mechanism of physiological response to stress

I. Internal reflection control of body organs

Control of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems

Integration and control of the brainstem and hypothalamus

Neuroendocrine response to stress

1. Blue spots, norepinephrine neurons or sympathetic, adrenal medulla system

Second, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system

Section 4: Cellular humoral response to stress

I. Acute phase response protein

Second, heat shock protein

3. Stressed Cell Signaling Pathways

Chapter 4 Stress-Related Hormones and Neurotransmitters

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin

Glucocorticoids

I. Stress and glucocorticoids

Second, the non-genomic mechanism of glucocorticoids and its significance in stress response

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Endogenous opioid peptides

Somatostatin

Section VII Substance P

Neuropeptide Y

Vasopressin

Section X Oxytocin

Chapter 5 Psychological Stress and Health

The first section the impact of psychological stress on health.

I. Positive effects of psychological stress on health

Negative effects of psychological stress on health

Section 2: Life Stress and Health

I. Research on life events and diseases

Mediating factors and regulating factors between life events and diseases

Section 3 Work Stress and Health

First, the universality of work stress.

Performance of work stress

The negative impact of work stress on health

Chapter 6 Psychological Stress and Illness

Section 1 Psychosocial factors and diseases

I. The relationship between psychosocial factors and disease

Second, the mechanism of psychosocial factors leading to disease

Impact of psychological stress on immune function

Section 2 Psychological Stress and Essential Hypertension

Section III Psychological Stress and Coronary Heart Disease

Section 4 Psychological Stress and Cancer

I. Possible mechanism of stress carcinogenesis

Second, stress-causing behavioral pathways

The relationship between the occurrence and prognosis of digestive tract cancer and psychosocial stress

Chapter VII Stress Related Disorders

Section I Overview

Section Acute Stress Disorder

I. Epidemiology

Risk factors

Third, the pathogenesis

Prediction of post-traumatic stress disorder by acute stress disorder

V. Clinical manifestations

Six, diagnostic criteria

Seven, differential diagnosis

Treatment

Section III Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

I. Overview

2. Epidemiological survey

3. Forecasts and influencing factors

4. Clinical manifestations

V. Comorbidities of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders

Six, diagnostic criteria

Seven, differential diagnosis

Treatment

Section 4 Adaptation Disorders

I. Overview

Chapter VIII Psychological Adjustment of Stress

Chapter 9 Evaluation of Stress Response

Chapter 10 Psychological Crisis Intervention for Disastrous Events

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