What Is Explicit Memory?

As information enters the brain, forgetting begins. The forgetting rate is faster and slower with the passage of time, especially in the short time just remembered. Forgetting is the fastest. This is the famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. Follow the memory rule revealed by Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve and review the knowledge in time. This method of memory is the Ebbinghaus memory method. The timely review and self-assessment of the learned knowledge and memory effects are the main methods of Ebbinghaus memory method. Ebbinghaus's memory method is also the forgetting curve; it will be forgotten after one hour; it can be remembered within an hour; it is best to remember it after one day;

Ebbinghaus Memory

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) is a famous German

The Ebbinghaus memory method is effective for the memory of any learning material, which can greatly improve the memory efficiency and receive the memory effect with less effort.

Memory is not the last purpose, it is only a means. The purpose of memory is to reserve the ability to recognize and solve problems. How to know how much information is memorized and how well is the capacity reserve? In order to consolidate what you have learned, you must review it in time. To know the effect of memory, you should often perform a self-test. Self-test is also a good review method, which is a specific application of the Ebbinghaus memory method.

In terms of timing, the review and self-test can be performed regularly or at any time. The review and self-test can be combined. The learned knowledge can be self-tested after a period of time. Focus on review.

I. Determination of review points (based on Ebbinghaus memory curve):

1. First learn cycle: 5 minutes

2. Second learn cycle: 30 minutes

3 Third Learn Cycle: 12 hours

4 Fourth memory cycle: 1 day

5. Fifth Learn Cycle: 2 days

6. Sixth memory cycle: 4 days

7. Seventh memory cycle: 7 days

8. Eighth memory cycle: 15 days

Second, recitation method:

1. What to remember when first learning words:

a) Word appearance, b) Chinese definition of words, c) Memorization of words

2. The specific recitation process of each list (each list is based on 12 pages and 10 words per page):

a) After memorizing a page (about 5 minutes), immediately return to the first word on the page and start reviewing (about tens of seconds)

b) After completing pages 1 to 6 (about 30 minutes), go back to page 1 and start reviewing (two or three minutes).

c) After finishing pages 7-12 in the same way as above, a list ends

d) Equivalent to each list is divided into 12 small units, each small unit forms a review system; every 6 small units form a large unit, and each of the 2 large units becomes a review system. It takes about an hour to memorize a list.

3 Review process:

a) Review method: cover the Chinese interpretation, try to remember the meaning of the word, and remember words that you ca nt remember a few times.

b) The time required to review a list is less than 20 minutes

c) It is best to memorize the list of the day before noon. After about 12 hours (preferably before going to bed), review the list of the day.

d) After 1, 2, 4, 7, 15 days, review the list on the back of the day

e) Review principles

Time interval: 30 seconds 1 minute 5 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour 8 hours 1 day 2 days 6 days 31 days

Re-learning to save reading time percentage: 58.2 44.2 35.8 33.7 27.8 25.4 21.1

Determination of review points

Human memory cycle is divided into short-term memory and long-term memory.

The first learn cycle is 5 minutes

The second learn cycle is 30 minutes

The third learn cycle is 12 hours

These three memory cycles belong to the category of short-term memory.

Here are a few more important cycles.

The fourth learn cycle is 1 day

The fifth memory cycle is 2 days

The sixth memory cycle is 4 days

The seventh memory cycle is 7 days

The eighth memory cycle is 15 days

The above 8 cycles are applied to the recitation. As a large review cycle of 8 recitation points, the efficiency of recitation can be maximized.

If you memorize the words, find a small book with a narrow book. Fold the left side of the right side of the English language in the middle of each page. You can memorize 100 words a day, divided into 5 groups of 20 each. Every one has left an impression of pronunciation and spelling. A group of 8 minutes, all 5 groups are about 30 minutes, it is best not to exceed 40 minutes, and then look at the first group, one hundred new each day, according to the memory cycle in the second, fourth, and seventh , 15 days to re-review, basically 300 to 400 words every day, new and old together,

5. Precautions:

a) Memorize 2 lists continuously every day and complete the review task;

b) Reviewing is always more important than remembering new words. Repeat high-frequency review, review, and review again.

c) Can't stop for a day, keep going through these 15 days, and then spend about 1 hour every day to review;

6. Timetable (Review content after *)

Day1 list1 2 * list1 2
Day 2 list3 4 * list1 2 * list3 4
Day 3 list5 6 * list3 4 * list5 6
Day 4 list7 8 * list1 2 * list5 6 * list7 8
Day 5 list9 10 * list3 4 * list7 8 * list9 10
Day 6 list11 12 * list5 6 * list9 10 * list11 12
Day 7 list13 14 * list7 8 * list11 12 * list13 14
Day 8 list15 16 * list1 2 * list9 10 * list13 14 * list15 16
Day 9 list17 18 * list3 4 * list11 12 * list15 16 * list17 18
Day 10 list19 20 * list5 6 * list13 14 * list17 18 * list19 20
Day 11 list21 22 * list7 8 * list15 16 * list19 20 * list21 22
Day 12 list23 24 * list9 10 * list17 18 * list21 22 * list23 24
Day 13 * list11 12 * list19 20 * list23 24
Day 14 * list13 14 * list21 22
Day 15 * list1 2 * list15 16 * list23 24
Day 16 * list3 4 * list17 18
Day 17 * list5 6 * list19 20
Day 18 * list7 8 * list21 22
Day 19 * list9 10 * list23 24
Day 20 * list11 12
Day 21 * list13 14
Day 22 * list15 16
Day 23 * list17 18
Day 24 * list19 20
Day 25 * list21 22
Day 26 * list23 24
Day 27, Day 28, Day 29, Day 30 * list1 2
Day 31 * list3 4
Day 32 * list5 6
Day 33 * list7 8
Day 34 * list9 10
Day 35 * list11 12
Day 36 * list13 14
Day 37 * list15 16
Day 38 * list17 18
Day 39 * list19 20
Day 40 * list21 22
Day 41 * list23 24
Start (unit or page number) number 1
Closing (unit or page number) number 24
The total number of reviews needed is 24
Number of reviews required every day is 2
You need 41 days to complete the task

Moscow region, USSR

A well-known German psychologist named Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909). After he published his experimental report in 1885, memory research became one of the most studied fields in psychology. And Ebbinghaus was the first person to discover the law of memory forgetting. The following three memory curve diagrams fully represent the memory forgetting law of Ebbinghaus:

The input information becomes a short-term memory of people after learning through people's attention process, but if not reviewed in time, these remembered things will be forgotten, and after a timely review, these short-term The memory of time will become a long-term memory of the person, and thus remain in the brain for a long time. So, for us, what is called forgetting? The so-called forgetting is that we can no longer recognize or recall the things we once remembered, or the wrong recognition and wrong memories. These are forgetting. Ebbinghaus took himself as the test subject when doing this experiment, and he reached some conclusions about memory. He chose some syllables that have no meaning at all, that is, the combination of many letters that cannot spell words, such as asww, cfhhj, ijikmb, rfyjbc, and so on. He tested himself and got some data.

Then, Ebbinghaus drew a curve based on these points. This is a very famous curve that reveals the law of forgetting: Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. The vertical axis in the figure represents the amount of knowledge remembered in the study, and the horizontal axis. Represents time (days), and the curve represents the law of the amount of memory.

This curve tells people that the forgetting in learning is regular. The process of forgetting is not balanced, not a few lost in a fixed day, and a few lost in the next day, but the speed of forgetting is very fast in the initial stage of memory. Later, it gradually slowed down. After a long time, it was almost no longer forgotten. This is the development law of forgetting, that is, the principle of "fast first and then slow". Observing this forgetting curve, you will find that after one day, if you do not hurry up to review, you will only have 25% of the original). Over time, the rate of forgetting slows and the number of forgetting decreases. Someone did an experiment. Two groups of students studied a text. Group A performed a review shortly after learning. Group B did not review. One day later, group A maintained 98% and group B maintained 56%. One week later, group A maintained 83%. , Group B remained 33%. The average forgetfulness of group B was higher than that of group A.

Moreover, Ebbinghaus also found in memory experiments, remembering 12

abovementioned

A result was announced at the 1999 World Memory Conference in the United States. The research result "Quantitative Study on the Ebbinghaus Memory Curve" showed that in the human brain memory process, three kinds of memories will be formed at a certain time. That is, sensory memory, short-term memory, and associative memory, as shown in the figure:

This is a memory event. Let s take a word-remembering event as an example. After the word-remembering event occurs, you will have a sensory memory within a few seconds. This sensory memory is lost instantly, and everyone is different. But basically within 3 or 4 seconds, this one does nt feel too deep when memorizing words, when does it feel deep? After feeling the memory, there will be a "short-term memory", also called "working memory". The duration of this memory is also different, about 4 to 16 hours, four times different between different people, when is this used? For example, the teacher said to the students during the lesson: You should dictate the words learned yesterday in the next lesson. You are particularly anxious. However, I can't remember anything after going home for a meal or playing after school. This is a short-term memory, and it will disappear immediately after I finish it. During the disappearance of these two memories, there will be a long-term memory trace. This is the thing we care about most and the most useful thing. Your true memory, learning a word, learning anything, will take a long time. The memory trace, which is a parabola, will have the highest point and the highest point. This is the strongest point of the word you memorize this time. This point can generate a memory strength. Here, it can also generate a memory time T. In a certain period of time, you will have a strongest point this time in remembering words this time. Then, let s simply say, if anyone can find this point, this period of time T, here is the second This is the most effective review. We turn the book and we look at the small piece of paper. In fact, we are simulating this T. This repetition time, that is, the memory gold sequence is arranged by each forgetting point.

A result was announced at the 1999 World Memory Conference in the United States. This study "quantitative research on the Ebbinghaus memory curve" finally found the highest point of the parabola. Scientists found this most through human-machine dialogue. The best review interval T and the best review frequency. So combining this research, Longwen (USA) Technology Development Co., Ltd. has developed an epoch-making significance.

Keeping and forgetting are rivals. If you can recall the knowledge you have learned before, you will keep it. If you cannot recall it or remember it wrongly, you will forget it.

The German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus made a systematic study of the phenomenon of forgetting. He used meaningless syllables as a memory material and plotted the experimental data into a curve, called the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve.

This curve is generally called the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, also known as the Ebbinghaus holding curve, and its ordinate represents the holding amount. The curve shows a law of forgetful development: the forgetting process is uneven. The forgetting is very fast at the beginning of consciousness, and gradually slows down. After a considerable period of time, it is almost no longer forgotten. After slow. "

The process of forgetting is not only constrained by time, but also by other factors. The first thing students forget is material that is not significant, uninteresting, and unwanted. Unfamiliar is earlier than familiar forgetfulness. ^[1]