What Is Mediterranean Fever?

Brucellosis is also known as Mediterranean Relaxation Fever, Malta Fever, Wave Fever or Wave Fever. It is a zoonotic systemic infectious disease caused by Brucella. Its clinical features are chronic fever, sweating, and joint pain. , Liver and splenomegaly.

Mediterranean fever

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Brucellosis is also known as Mediterranean Relaxation Fever, Malta Fever, Wave Fever or Wave Fever. It is a zoonotic systemic infectious disease caused by Brucella. Its clinical features are chronic fever, sweating, and joint pain. , Liver and splenomegaly.

(I) Sources of infection: The main sources of infection related to humans are sheep, cattle and pigs, followed by dogs. Patients can also excrete bacteria from feces, urine, and milk, but human-to-human transmission is rare.

(II) Transmission: contact infection through skin and mucous membrane infection through digestive tract infection through respiratory tract.

(III) Susceptible people: Humans are generally susceptible, and certain immunity can be obtained after illness. There is cross-immunity between different species of Brucella. Reinfection occurs in 2 to 7%. Residents in the affected area can be affected by recessive Get immune.

The incubation period is 7 to 60 days, with an average of two weeks. A few patients can last for months or more than a year.

Acute phase: 80% of the onset is slow, prodromal symptoms often appear, and its performance is similar to a severe cold. General discomfort, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, myalgia, irritability or depression. Lasts 3 to 5 days. 10 to 27% of patients have a sudden onset of illness, with chills, high fever, sweating, and migraine as the main manifestations.

Chronic stage: It develops from the acute stage, but also lacks a history of acute disease and gradually becomes chronic from asymptomatic infection or mild. Chronic symptoms are not obvious, but also typical, showing various manifestations.

1. Hematology: half of the white blood cells are normal or slightly reduced, and the lymphocytes are relatively or absolutely increased, and the classification can reach more than 60%. ESR increased in all phases.

2. Bacteriological examination: the patient's blood, bone marrow, milk, uterine secretions can be used for bacterial culture. The positive rate is high in the acute phase and low in the chronic phase. Bone marrow specimens had a higher positive rate than blood specimens.

3 Immunological examination.

(1) Serum agglutination test.

(2) Complement binding test.

(3) Anti-human globulin test.

(4) ELISA test.

First, basic treatment and symptomatic treatment Rest. Patients with fever in the acute phase should rest in bed. Except for going to the toilet, it is generally not recommended to get out of bed; it is not advisable to move indoors during the intermittent period. diet. Should increase nutrition, give high-calorie, multi-vitamin, digestible food, and give enough water and electrolytes. Wipe dry in time to avoid sweat. Wipe the bath daily with warm water and change your clothes once. People with high fever can use physical methods to cool down, and those who are persistent can also use antipyretics; those with severe poisoning symptoms and testicular swelling and pain can use corticosteroids; those with severe joint pain can use 5-10% magnesium sulfate wet compress; Pilin, phenobarbital, etc. Medical staff should comfort patients, do their ideological work well, and build confidence.

Second, antibacterial treatment: the acute phase should be based on antibacterial treatment. Commonly used antibiotics are streptomycin, tetracycline drugs, and sulfa drugs. Usually used: streptomycin plus tetracycline drugs or chloramphenicol.

3. Vaccine therapy: suitable for patients with chronic phase.