What is Neonatology?

Newborns are babies born from the mother and ligated from the umbilical cord to 28 days after birth. Breastfeeding should be carried out as soon as possible after the birth of the baby. This will promote mother's milk secretion.

1. Prerequisites:

The development of the respiratory system is complete: the anatomical structure of the alveoli is not completed until the gestational age is about 25 weeks. At 35 weeks gestational age, the pulmonary surfactant in the alveoli has reached the appropriate concentration. The intrauterine fetal lung is filled with lung fluid to open the alveoli and maintain a certain volume. It can be equivalent to the newborn's lung volume until the full term of pregnancy, and the pulmonary vascular system is fully developed, preparing for the exchange of gas and blood in the lungs after birth.

Sufficient surface-active substances: Lung surface-active substances are synthesized and secreted by type cells of the lung. The main component is phospholipids, and the highest content is dipalmitic acid lecithin. Its main functions are: reducing alveolar surface tension and increasing lung compliance; stabilizing alveolar volume so that the alveoli do not collapse; accelerating the clearance of lung fluid; maintaining normal hydrostatic pressure between the alveolar and capillaries to prevent pulmonary edema; reducing anterior capillary blood vessels Tension increases lung ventilation, increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli, and dilates the pulmonary arterioles.

When it comes to mothers, it s full of emotions, greatness, and the hard work of conceiving in October, just to hear the mother screaming for the first time; when referring to children, the mother s heart always becomes tender and soft, eyes The light shining through is always the most beautiful picture in the world.

Every woman is a mother, but there are different ways of education.

Some basic requirements and needs to be a good mother: When the child is born, feed him on time, take care of him, let him listen to music, tell him stories, and talk with her, although he may not Speak, but you can cultivate his sense of language and take him out to breathe in the fresh air, so that he can get to know his surroundings as soon as possible. When the child goes to school, he must listen to the stories from the school every day, whether it is good or bad, because in order to understand his feelings and ideas, let him put forward some suggestions and opinions of his own and help him, Enable him to perceive society and perceive others. Try to understand him, don't deceive and scold him, set an example, avoid a bad example in the early stages of her thinking, treat him as your best friend, and treat it with an understanding of your friends The minor faults and mistakes he made.

The first physical examination

Day 42 after birth

The inspection items are:

Vision: Able to look at larger objects, both eyes can easily follow the unidirectional movement of the flashlight.

Limb: Its small arms and calves always like to be in a flexed state, and two small hands are holding fists.

Genitalia: Baby Boy's

Foreword

The old traditional concept is that newborns cannot hold, and it is easy to form embarrassment. It is not good for adults and children. This idea is incorrect.

Newborn babies are cute but tender and prone to discomfort. Young parents should learn more about common neonatal diseases in order to cope with them when they are sick.

Before the age of 3, the baby's stomach is tender and tender, and he is concerned about conditions such as milk overflow, constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence caused by digestive discomfort.

Unconditioned reflex behavior

Newborns have the ability to respond to the environment after birth. This is an innate, organized behavior pattern that helps the body adapt to the environment. Neonatal unconditional reflexes are divided into two categories: the first type: unconditional reflexes with obvious survival significance; the second type: unconditional reflexes with no obvious adaptive value.

Unconditional reflection with obvious survival significance :

Obtaining food, discharging harmful substances, and paying attention to environmental stimuli all play important roles. They are necessary reflection actions for the body to adapt to the environment and protect itself. They are called survival reflections. It has adaptive value to people's life. Including three types:

1. Food reflection:

United States

On May 15, 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released data that approximately 3.788 million babies were born in the United States in 2018, a year-on-year decrease of 2% and a decline for 4 consecutive years. The number of newborns in the United States in 2018 has fallen to its lowest level since 1986. The report shows that in 2018, the fertility rate in the United States was 1.73 (that is, 1.73 children per woman on average), a year-on-year decrease of 2%, which is lower than the population generation replacement level of 2.1.