What Is the Human Leukocyte Antigen?
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a product encoded by the HLA gene complex and is located on the short arm of chromosome 6. HLA is an expression product of human histocompatibility complex (MHC), and is an important antigenic substance that constitutes transplant rejection. HLA research was originally carried out under the impetus of organ transplantation research. Therefore, HLA is also called transplantation antigen. HLA is divided into class I antigen, class II antigen and class III antigen according to its distribution and function. Classic HLA class I antigens include HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C; HLA class II antigens include HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. Non-classical HLA and are HLA-F, E, H, X, DN, DO, DM and so on. Complements, etc. belong to class III molecules. HLA class I is distributed on the surface of almost all cells of the body, and class II is mainly a glycoprotein localized on the surface of macrophages and B lymphocytes.
Basic Information
- Chinese name
- Human leukocyte antigen
- Foreign name
- human leukocyte antigen
- Short name
- HLA
- Gene group
- Major histocompatibility complex
Clinical significance of human leukocyte antigen
- Organ transplant
- The most important HLA test is the effect on organ or bone marrow transplantation, and the matching donor and recipient are selected for transplantation. In kidney transplantation, the more DR antigens shared by both recipients and recipients, or the fewer DR mismatch antigens detected, the higher the transplant survival rate
- Blood transfusion
- HLA-matched single donor platelets were selected for patients with thrombocytopenia who did not respond to mixed platelet suspension infusion.
- 3. Diagnosis of the disease
- Screen for genetic factors associated with the disease. HLA and immunopathology are increasingly related. Identification of T cell surface antigens related to certain diseases, communication between immune effector cells through HLA / HLA ligand interactions, etc., all extend the application of HLA in biological fields such as NK cells, T cells, infections, self Antigen recognition such as immunization, graft anti-tumor, etc.
- 4. Application in Forensic Medicine
- Paternity test is one of the strong evidence.
Human leukocyte antigen normal reference range
- No clinical report.