What is a mirror test?
The
mirror test is a practice in psychology that has been used since the beginning of the 70s to determine whether an animal or a young human child has a level of congenital self -confidence when they see their reflection in the mirror. The idea of using mirrors to measure self -confidence is based on Charles Darwin's experiments when he used them to observe reactions in orangutans in zoos. For many decades, it has been believed that the mirror test revealed the fact that only higher primates had the ability to be aware of the basic level. Increasing the use of the test over time, however, revealed the presence of self -confidence in other species, such as oceanic mammals such as dolphins and orcs, elephants, and the Corvidae Birds, including magpies. The previous assumptions about self -confidence, which is present only in some primates, was based on the fact that these species had a well -developed area of neocortex brain. Neocortex is the largest area of brain cortex in higher animals and is assumed to be the last developed from evolutionaryaspects. Neocortex, which is the center of all higher brain functions, does not exist in Magpie at all.
Theway in which the mirror test is performed is open to subjective interpretation, but is generally considered reliable because statistical evidence has supported their results over time. With the animals, the subject is given a small, recognizable dot of dyes on its body and when the animal is presented by a mirror if it detects the dye instead of dye and therefore recognizes the reflection in the mirror as one of its own body, trying to interact with the spot. The animal can prove the recognition of itself by trying to remove the dot of the dye or look for it on its body, where it could not be seen otherwise without the help of the mirror. An animal that fails in a mirror test will respond to its own reflection as if it were another animal with aggressive or fearful answers.
In human children, evidence in the past indicated that infants were notAble to recognize their reflection as a picture of themselves up to 18 months. Until 2010, it was believed that almost all human children were able to pass a mirror test at the age of 24 months, but it turned out that it was a false distortion based on the prevailing testing of children in Western countries. Children in some non-west countries, such as Kenya and Fiji, do not have to pass the test up to the age of 6 years, which has led to doubt about the nature of science itself without bias. Only four types of primates outside people consistent will also pass mirrors and species such as monkey capuchin or other intelligent mammals such as pigs, generally fail.
Themirror test tends to work in animals that have an excessive amount of concern about their appearance, such as magpies, and in others it works less well. For example, although elephants pass through a mirror test and are commonly accepted as self -confidence, research in 2006 revealed that the test passed only one of the three elephants. It is assumed that this is because SloThey have little motivation or concern for the investigation of odd brands that are placed on the skin and which can only be explored and manipulated only when looking at their image in the mirror. Stejná vada může existovat v temperamentu většiny psů, kteří se zdá, že se rozpoznávají v zrcadlech, ale mají malou touhu zkoumat místa umístěná na jejich těle. Gorillas are one of the most successful primates who pass the mirror test, and the reason is considered to be Gorilla's Hispolanean behavior of Ghla, assessing eye contact groups and physical appearance, which are too concerned about noticeable changes.