What is Ethanol Energy?

Ethanol fuel, also known as ethanol gasoline, refers to the special gasoline component oil (the blending oil produced by a refinery or petrochemical plant for blending ethanol gasoline for vehicles) without MTBE oxygen-containing additives. A new generation of clean and environmentally-friendly vehicles blended with specific proportions of modified fuel ethanol with a volume ratio (currently tentatively set at 10% in China), which is blended by specific processes in accordance with the quality requirements of national standard GB18351-2004. With fuel. The adjustment of energy structure and reduction of environmental pollution have promoted the development of ethanol fuel. ^[1]

The main impurities in fuel ethanol are

The molecular composition of ethanol is C2H5OH, infinitely soluble in water, and

Automotive ethanol gasoline in

Ethanol appeared as a fuel as early as the beginning of the 20th century. Later, with the mass production of cheap and good petrochemical fuels, gasoline and diesel became the main fuels of engines, which inhibited the development of ethanol fuel. It was not until the outbreak of the global "oil crisis" in the early 1970s and the increasingly strict regulations on automobile emissions that the research and application of fuel ethanol developed rapidly. ^[1]

Development Status of Ethanol Fuels Abroad

Brazil is the world's largest producer and consumer of fuel ethanol. With an annual output of more than 10 million tons of ethanol, 97% is used for fuel. Sugarcane is the main raw material for ethanol production in Brazil. About 40% of vehicles in Brazil currently use pure ethanol as fuel, and the rest are fueled by a mixture of 22% (volume ratio) fuel ethanol and 78% vehicle gasoline. Brazil is the only country in the world that does not supply pure gasoline, thus giving it the reputation of a "green energy country." ^[1]

Production of fuel ethanol in the United States is second only to Brazil, and corn is mainly used for ethanol production. At present, gasohol (petrol alcohol) with 10% ethanol in gasoline has been widely used throughout the United States. In 1996, a research report from the US National Geological Survey pointed out that MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) as a gasoline anti-knock agent has contamination to groundwater quality. Therefore, the use of MTBE is currently banned in the United States. Since gasoline containing 10% ethanol does not require modification of the car engine, it has the same effect as MTBE in reducing air pollution, so ethanol production companies are optimistic about its development. ^[1]

In Asia, Thailand was the first country to launch a national biofuels government. Thailand's 95% dependence on imports has caused a long-term deficit in foreign trade. Therefore, under the active promotion of the royal family and the government, in just two years, the fuel ethanol project was successfully carried out, mainly using cassava as raw material to produce ethanol. The success of Thailand has affected other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and many ASEAN countries, South Korea, and Australia have also begun to actively implement ethanol fuel plans. ^[1]

Development status of ethanol fuel in China

China is the second largest oil consumer in the world. In 1993, China began to become a net oil importer. In 2001, China consumed 200 million tons of crude oil and 65 million tons of imported crude oil. Imported oil accounted for 32.5% of domestic fuel consumption, which has exceeded international standards. Security alert line 30%. It is expected that by 2010, the proportion of imported crude oil in domestic fuel consumption will reach 56%. At present, the air pollution in various large and medium-sized cities in China is serious, and 60% of the pollutants come from exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. The Chinese government has fully recognized the importance of developing ethanol fuel. In 2001, it promulgated two national standards, "denatured fuel ethanol" and "vehicle ethanol gasoline", and launched the use of vehicles in Henan, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Anhui provinces. Ethanol gasoline was piloted to burn a mixed fuel with 10% absolute ethanol added to gasoline. The raw material used to produce ethanol was mainly corn. As of April 1, 2005, China s three eastern provinces, Henan, and Anhui have implemented the closed promotion of ethanol gasoline, and the sale of ordinary gasoline is banned. Seven cities in Shandong, five cities in Jiangsu, and six cities in Hebei have become local pilot cities. ^[1]

Synthesizing the successful precedents of various countries at home and abroad, we have found that there are some external factors that must be possessed to develop ethanol fuel: (1) The promotion of ethanol gasoline for automobiles in various countries is not only guaranteed by administrative regulations, but also tax incentives and financial subsidies. Supported by policies, this is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth promotion of ethanol gasoline for vehicles. This is mainly due to the current high cost of gasoline alcohol fuel production, lack of competitiveness in the market, and the need for government guidance; (2) in accordance with the actual conditions of the country, select appropriate raw materials to produce ethanol. No matter what raw material is selected to produce ethanol, it should be combined with the national conditions of the country, reasonable layout, to avoid waste caused by repeated construction; (3) From the perspective of the overall social benefits, evaluate the value of ethanol fuel. First, it provides a channel for the conversion and value-added of agricultural products; second, it increases farmers 'income (especially in less developed areas), improves farmers' lives, and the establishment of an alcohol factory provides more employment opportunities for society; finally, the environmental protection value it generates Not only can it save a considerable amount of environmental governance costs, but its positive impact on the environment is far-reaching. ^[1]

Energy diversification is a good countermeasure for energy security, and the promotion and use of crop fuel ethanol is of great significance. However, we must pay attention to life cycle issues, we must use high-capacity crops, and we must improve crop varieties and increase the ethanol output ratio. In addition, we must improve ethanol production processes, increase energy efficiency, and reduce pollution emissions during production. In order to improve economic benefits, we must Strengthen comprehensive utilization, adopt joint production, make full use of wastes from the ethanol production process, and form a sustainable and sustainable development of a green energy economy. ^[3]