What is monoclonal antibody therapy?
Antibodies are produced by immune systems to recognize and bind to foreign proteins. Monoclonal antibodies focus only on one specific protein and can therefore be designed to target specific cells for destruction by the immune system. Monoclonal therapy of antibodies may slow down cancer growth, reduce the likelihood of rejecting organs, help fight viral infections and reduce the effects of autoimmune diseases. The antibody binds to the target antigen and acts as a sign for other immune cells called phagocytes to come and destroy antigen. Different types of B-lymphocytes create a number of antibodies called polyclonal antibodies that connect to different areas of antigen. If you want to exactly target a specific type of antigen for antibody therapy and prevent the destruction of healthy tissue, a lot of identical antibodies should be used as monoclonal antibodies.
The first monoclonal antibodies were produced in 1975 by Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein using cells of the immune system from the mouse that was previously exposed to the required antigen. The mouse cells were fused with cells that were cancer and thus reproduced indefinitely. This uncontrolled growth has created a usable number of genetically identical cells and identical monoclonal antibodies. The current use of genetic engineering means that cell lines can produce monoclonal antibodies that are part of the human and partial mouse. This reduces the likelihood that the patient's own immune system will recognize antibodies as foreign and try to destroy them.
monoclonal therapy of antibodies reduces organs or graft rejection and may reduce the effects of autoimmune disease by interference into the patient's protein recognition system. Monoclonal antitěled therapy is also important in the field of virology. In this area, antibodies have the potential to be given to patients to fightagainst a specific viral infection.
monoclonal therapy with antibodies can be prescribed as part of the cancer treatment regime in which a particular monoclonal antibody can bind to cancer cells and indicate them for destroying phagocytes. Monoclonal therapy of antibody can also be designed to slow down the growth of cancer or stop the growth of blood vessels supplying nutrient cancer; This is done by blocking the transmission of growth factors released by cancer cells. Radiation therapy can also be supplied exactly to cancer cells without damaging nearby healthy cells, connecting the radioactive substance to the antibody specific to cancer.