What Are Muscle Spindles?

Muscle cells muscle cells (also known as muscle fibers). It is a general term for active, contractile cells in animals.

Muscle cells

Muscle cells are also called muscle cells. It is a general term for active, contractile cells in animals. Muscle cells are thin and long, also called muscle fibers, but different from

In the past, many patients with severe heart disease could only pin their hopes for cure in the heart.

Muscle cells

Muscle cells are one of the ideal target cells for gene therapy. Research is late and progress is rapid. It has become a very promising target cell. Muscle is one of the commonly used tissues for drug injection. It has certain tolerance, large amount of muscle tissue and easy to obtain; myoblasts (muscle precursor cells) are easy to isolate and culture, and easy to transfer viral genes; gene transfer to myoblasts is easy The muscle is transplanted back, and it is easy to fuse with the muscle fibers in situ, and has already had the safety experience of myoblast transplantation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the transplant site has abundant blood vessels, which can transport gene products to the whole body.

In 1991, Barr and Blau and others transferred the human growth hormone gene (hGH) to mouse myoblast C2C12, and hGH was expressed in mouse muscle and plasma for more than 3 months. Therefore, the myoblast pathway gene therapy was proposed. Imagine. There have been a variety of mouse myoblasts expressing foreign genes directly injected into mice to obtain continuous expression. These genes include galactosidase gene, human factor gene, multidrug resistance gene and so on.

In 1993, Vincent et al. Injected a recombinant adenovirus containing the human dystrophin minigene directly into the muscles of mdx mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which can produce normal proteins in muscle fibers for up to 6 months, and reduced the mdx mice Symptoms of illness. Muscle cells are also the most common target cells and target tissues for invivo transfer. Injecting naked DNA directly into mouse skeletal muscle can directly perform gene transfer. In 1990, Wolff and others injected the plasmids containing the gene galactosidase gene and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene into the skeletal muscle and myocardium of mice for the first time. A new approach.

Gene therapy research through the intramuscular route has entered clinical trials. In 1999, High and Mark of the University of Pennsylvania and Avigen cooperated in the United States to carry out a clinical trial of hemophilia B gene therapy using the adeno-associated virus pathway. In 1999, electrical pulsed DNA transfer technology achieved amazing success. This technology marked an important breakthrough in the gene introduction system, and the most convenient target tissue of this system is muscle tissue. In addition to skeletal muscle, the heart muscle can also be used as a target cell for gene therapy, providing the possibility of gene therapy for cardiovascular disease. At present, the strategy of directly injecting DNA into the heart muscle has been successfully used in clinical trials of gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and has achieved significant results.