What is blood antigen?
Antigens are molecules that the body recognizes as foreign and goals for the attack of the immune system. Blood contains different cells that can carry different antigens depending on the genetic composition of the person. The introduction of blood, which is recognized as foreign, can lead to serious illness, and therefore blood is always controlled for antigenic compatibility before transfusion. There are many different antigen blood writing systems, although only two are commonly used in medicine, the ABO and Rhesus system.
Since individuals have genes that are not exactly the same, the physical composition of one person is very different from another. These differences even exist on a microscopic level. For example, blood contains several different types of cells. Each of these cells is covered with different molecules that all perform specific functions.
The immune system in a healthy person recognizes the body's own cells and knows that the molecules to the surface of these cells are harmless. However, when the immune system sees molecules that, howeverOh, focuses on these molecules and any cells that show them for destruction. This is useful in situations such as infections where this reaction can kill attacking microbial cells. In the case of blood transfusion, this may bounce.
This is the immune system mainly red blood cells in transfused blood. Although other types of blood cells, such as white blood cells, also show antigenic molecules on their surfaces, these do not pull an intense immune response. Therefore, the types of antigen blood primarily focus on antigens reported in red blood cells.
The most important antigen blood system is ABO writing. This system focuses on a group of antigens that cause a particularly strong immune response. These antigens are called A and B and the type of type and depends on the genes of their parents.
If my father and mother have a gene that calls the body to create a blood antigen, their child will have red krtype A. two genes B and baby has B blood. One gene A and one B means that a child has a type of AB type. A person who inherits two genes that call the body to create none of the antigens, has O. One gene a or B along with one gene o and bees vast a or a b, but never in the blood type.
rhesus factor is another method of grouping red blood cells. In this case, one can either display the antigen factor Rhesus on the surface of red blood cells or do not create it at all. If it has, blood is rhesus positive and if missing, blood is negative.
Health problems may arise if blood is transfusing from one person to another recognizable as a foreign recipient. This happens if the type of ABO donor blood contains antigens that are no longer present in the recipient's blood. Immune responses to mismatch blood can cause serious illness and even death.