What is the polar solvent?
The polar solvent is a liquid with molecules that have a slight electric charge due to its shape. For example, water is a molecule with one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. Two hydrogen atoms are not on the opposite sides of oxygen, but rather at an angle. This creates a slight imbalance of electric charge in the water molecule, also known as polarity. This occurs because the solids molecules are attracted by weak electric solvent charges. Examples of polar materials include salt and sugar that are easily dissolved in water, the most common polar solvent of the Earth. Salt and sugar will not dissolve in most organic solvents because there is no electric charge to attract molecules. The term "as prefers as" is often used to record the preference of polar materials for polar solvents and similar to non -polar materials. There are some exceptions to this rule, as non -polar solvents may have small electric charges that can mimic the polar.
When the solid is placed in a solvent and dissolved, solid molecules are dispersed or evenly spread in the solvent. This melted mixture remains stable if there is enough solvent to surround solid molecules. Solid or separation of solids from the mixture may occur if it is present stronger than can be dissolved. These solutions are called saturated and changes in temperature can cause clotting the solid from the dissolved mixture.
The polar solvent is often classified by indicating its dielectric constant or polarity index. The dielectric constant is the measurement of the electrical properties of the solvent in the sample compared to an empty capacitor that holds a friendly while the electric current passes through it. The polar index is a relative measurement of the solvent ability to dissolve various standard polar materials. In both tests, the measured constant or index is located in Table BSeparate solvents that can be used to identify solvents for chemical processes.
Another type of solvent, surface -active substances, can be used to create mixtures of polar and non -polar materials. Surface active substances are molecules that are polar and non -polar at each end. These materials create molecular bonds of the polar end with similar molecules and similarly with a non -polar end.
An example of this effect is hand cream. Water and oily humidifiers usually do not mix, and if shaken, they will eventually separate. Adding the surface active substance causes two non -pissed materials to form a stable emulsion. Oil and water are not dissolved because they are not soluble, they are polar and non -polar. Both materials connect the surface -active substance and remain an emulsion stab for a long time.