What Is Biological Oceanography?

Biological oceanography is oceanography related to life activities. The term bio-oceanology can be traced back to TR. Parsons et al.'S book "Process of Biological Oceanography" in 1973. Like physical oceanography and chemical oceanography, it is a branch of oceanography. To be more complete, it is the study of biological phenomena and processes that occur in the ocean, their own laws and their interrelationships with other physical, chemical, and even geological phenomena and processes, and the development and utilization of resources , Biological issues related to maritime economic and military activities and marine environmental protection.

Biological oceanology The science of studying life phenomena and processes in the ocean and their laws. It is a branch of marine science and a branch of life science. The research objects of marine biology are: the origin and evolution, genetics of life in the ocean, especially the study of ecology can clarify the relationship between the habits and characteristics of marine life and the marine environment. ^[1]

As early as the 4th century BC, the ancient Greek Aristoteles (384 to 322 BC) described more than 170 species of marine life in Zoology. Around the 3rd century BC, China's "Emperor's Canon" contained records of the treatment of squid and abalone, and more than 200 marine products were recorded in the Ming Dynasty's "Middle Central Sea". With the development of modern natural science and navigation, mankind began to study marine life. In 1674, A.van. Lecuwenohoek (1632-1723) first discovered marine protozoa. In 1777, OFDüllel, Denmark, used a microscope to observe plankton in the North Sea. British Darwin (CRDarwin, 1809 ~ 1882) studied eelfoot and coral organisms he collected during the voyage of the "Begel" from 1831 to 1836. In the middle of the 19th century, E. Forbes (1875 ~ 1854) in the United Kingdom proposed the zoning phenomenon of vertical distribution of marine life, and published the "Map of British Marine Products" and "European Marine Natural History". German Hensen (V. Hensen) put forward the concept of plankton in 1887 and carried out a quantitative study of marine plankton. In 1891, EH Haeckel of Germany proposed the concept of swimming animals and benthic organisms. These three concepts are still in use today. From 1908 to 1913, CGJ Peterso of Denmark laid the foundation for quantitative research on marine benthic organisms. In 1946, CEZobell in the United States "Marine Microbiology" laid the foundation for the study of marine microorganisms. Since the 1960s and 1970s, the research on marine biology has developed to a new stage due to new achievements and applications of electronic computers, information theory, cybernetics, and determination of trace chemical elements. The United Kingdom has used bioengineering technology to develop methods to control the sex of marine fry; the United States' marine satellite surveys the number and species of marine fish. China's scientific research on marine life began in the 1920s. In the early 1930s, a national "Chinese Marine Biomass Society" was organized in Xiamen, and the Marine Biology Research Center was transferred to Qingdao in the mid 1930s. After the 1950s, a marine biological research institution was established, and nationwide marine surveys, fishery surveys, marine aquaculture and cultivation, and research in experimental biology and basic theory of marine biology have achieved many high-level results. ^[1]