What is chromosome mapping?
Chromosome mapping is the process of determining the location of specific genes on the chromosome. Chromosomes are collections of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA that contain genes, although it is not well known where these genes lie in chromosomes. Creating a chromosome map is useful to understand how genes lead to physical qualities in living things. Chromosome mapping can also be important in the treatment of diseases by making the physician to identify diseases. There are different types of chromosome maps, each with different levels of accuracy and completeness.
Every living organism contains a set of surgical instructions inside long molecules called DNA. These molecules can be found inside each cell of the body and are grouped into chromosomes. The specific units of these molecules called genes have been found to be responsible for the physical properties in the body such as eye color or blood type. Understanding genes, Protoruda, allows scientists to understand physical features in living thingsch.
Some genes on the chromosome tend to be inherited together with neighboring genes. This tendency, called genetic bond, was discovered in the first years of the twentieth century. During the reproduction of a person, the chromosomes of the child are formed by a complicated combination of parents' chromosomes. It is known that genes from the chromosomes of each parent can be transmitted in clusters. Therefore, the discovery of the location of genes on chromosomes could make it easier to understand how genes are inherited and expressed in descendants.
It is important to distinguish between two different procedures related to chromosome mapping. Genetic mapping or sequencing obtains an arranged list of genes on the DNA source. It is similar to the numbered list of each east along the highway. Physical mapping, hand overlapping is to determine the physical location of genes on a particular chromosome. It's more of an identification of landmarks in an area nearbyEvery east on the highway.
There are several methods in chromosome mapping. Historically, the relative positions of the gene were derived from experiments with organisms. This was extensively done with a type of fruit flies drosophil melanogaster . If some qualities were often inherited together, the responsible genes were assumed close to each other. This method is useful in mapping chromosomes for determining relative placement rather than absolute location, genes.
Physical maps can be made using modern microbiological techniques. DNA chains are sometimes separated and divided into fragments for further study. These maps can be very different in resolution. The resolution in physical genetic mapping is the degree of separation that can be recognized in closely related genetic elements.