What is the history of the microscope?
The history of the microscope is quite long and spans many different cultures and centuries. It can be difficult to determine the early history of the microscope, simply because what can be properly considered a microscope is open for some interpretation. However, these are rich and turbulent history and can still be seen in the inheritance of physical antique microscopes that serve as collecting pieces for many scientists. The most famous of these is the so -called nimrud lens, which is located in the Nimrud Palace. This lens could be very well used as a magnifying glass, which in many ways is a simple microscope, or could simply be used as a lens to start fire light fires. Some people even believe that the lens of Nimrud was part of a very basic telescope and helped the Assýřany in their complicated understanding of astronomy.
In the 10th century, the Islamic scientist Ibn al-Haytham revolutionized the study of optics and contributed to a wide range of fields, including the formulation of the scientific method. In your key text Optics talks about "magnifying devices, convex lenses forming an enlarged image". This description can be considered an early example of a formal magnifying glass or microscope. Through the Middle Ages, these types of devices were widely used, including monastic Europe in the form of reading stones that were key in the history of the microscope because it was through everyday use, more shallow lenses were discovered with greater efficiency.
At the end of the 16th century in the Netherlands, several different glasses began to create what can be considered a direct ancestor of a modern microscope. All three were attributed with his invention and who was the first to create an amicroscope is for some discussion. One of these inventors, Hans Lippershey, is also attributed to inventing the first real telescope, making him a probable candidate. The other two, Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias, were both active in the world of optics and probably could also create a microscope. Term withHowever, I was created only around 1625, which describes a composite microscope Galileo Galilei.
during the 18th century, the history of the microscope was one of the constant improvements. With multiple glasses, it is used to reduce chromatic aberrations and new grinding techniques allowing even greater enlargement, the microscope continues to become increasingly powerful. At the end of the 19th century, Ernst Abbe set the theoretical maximum for the microscope distinguishing, in his key work ABBE sinus state .
20th century recorded the largest jumps in the history of the microscope, starting with the development of microscopes that Could View objects smaller than the wavelengths of light, Richard Zsigmonda, who later won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1932, this improved by creating a phase contrast microscope, allowing viewing of objects that had no color for which FRITS ZERNIKE won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. At the same time, an electron microscope was invented at the same time.Magnification, up to the atomic level, from which it was spent in 1986.
Last time, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented a scanning tunnel microscope that allows not only to enlarge objects to the atomic level, but also to view them in three dimensions. Binnig and Heinrich were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of this state -of -the -art microscopes.