What is Sonar?
Sonar is an abbreviation for sound navigation and movement, a navigation technique that uses the sound to collect information about the environment. There are two types - active and passive - and both are widely used, depending on the situation. Passive sonar includes listening to sounds such as sounds generated by passing ships and submarines. When the ship uses an active sonar, it emits the pulse of the sound in one of the frequency series and then listens to the echo. Scientists in the 14th century wrote about listening to underwater sounds through tubes. Perhaps it was not used extensively for navigation, but the seeds for the development of active sonar. During the First World War, several nations studied sound characteristics and developed timely active sonar to make transport and maritime war more safer. This technique uses hydroacoustics, a number of properties that control how the sound moves below.
When a ship uses an active sonar, it releases a pulse from a converter can dowall along the fuselage. The electric pulse from the boat is translated into the sound of a converter that usually returns to passive mode to listen to the echo of the sound. Upon receipt of the echo, the operator can collect information about the dangers in the water in front of us, the depths of the ocean and other ships. Impulses are emitted on a number of frequencies, from infra -rang or too low to hear them by human ear, to ultrasonic, too high to be in the range of human hearing. The ultrasonic sonar is highly accurate at short distances.
In sophisticated systems, Sonar can almost draw an underwater picture and provide information on the type of materials on the bottom of the ocean. Civilians use this technology for navigation, looking for interesting items on the bottom of the ocean and localizing fish schools. Military use it to gain an advantage in an underwater war.
Like other navigation systems, Sonar is not completely failed. May disrupt sea animals that use echolocation and when there are more shipsin the same area, they can interfere with each other. When using a passive sonar, a qualified operator is needed to distinguish between a wide range of items that can cause underwater sound. The ship itself can also interfere with its own sonar, generate engine noise, unusual water currents and similar disturbances.