What Does a Turkish Linguist Do?

Linguists are scholars who take human language as the research object and explore the structure of language, the use of language, the social function and historical development of language, and other language-related issues. For example, Mr. Lu Shuxiang, a Chinese linguist, is a great master of linguistics in China. He has been engaged in language teaching and language research for many years, covering a wide range of general linguistics, Chinese studies, text reform, Chinese teaching, writing and style, dictionary compilation, and ancient books. field.

linguist

Lu Shuxiang

Lu Shuxiang (1904-1998)

Mr. Lu Shuxiang was born on December 24, 1904 in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province. 1

Lu Shuxiang

Graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages, National Southeast University in 926. He went to study in the UK in 1936 and studied in the Department of Anthropology, Oxford University, and the University Library of London. After returning to China in 1938, he was an associate professor of the Department of Culture and History of Yunnan University, and later a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Culture of Western China Union University, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Culture at Jinling University, a professor at the Chinese Department of Central University, and an editor at Kaiming Bookstore. After liberation, he has been a researcher at the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1952 (renamed to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1977), a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director, director, and honorary director of the Institute of Languages. He was the editor-in-chief of Chinese Language Magazine from 1978 to 1985, and president of the Chinese Language Society from 1980 to 1985. Honorary member of the American Linguistic Society since 1980. In 1987 he received an honorary doctorate degree in literature from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In April 1994, he was appointed a foreign academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is a deputy to the Third to Seventh National People's Congress, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress, a member of the Legal Committee, and a member of the second and third National People's Political Consultative Conference. In May 1983, a sum of 60,000 yuan saved for many years was used as a fund for the Young Linguist of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Mr. Lu Shuxiang is a generation master in the field of linguistics in China.He has been tirelessly engaged in language teaching and language research for more than 70 years, covering a wide range of fields including general linguistics, Chinese studies, text reform, Chinese teaching, writing and style, dictionary compilation, and ancient book organization. .

Wang Li

Wang Li (1900-1986)

A famous linguist, wrote a word, Guangxi Bo white. One of the founders of Chinese modern linguistics. In the early years of poverty, he dropped out of school and taught himself at home. He went to Shanghai to study in 1924, and was admitted to Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies in 1926. He studied under Liang Qichao and Zhao Yuanren, and studied in France in 1927. He returned to China after receiving a doctorate in literature from the University of Paris in 1932. He successively studied at Tsinghua University, Southwest United University, and Lingnan. Professor at universities, Sun Yat-sen University, Peking University, etc., and successively concurrently served as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member and deputy director of the Chinese Literature Reform Commission, an honorary chairman of the Chinese Language Society, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth members of the CPPCC National Committee. Fifth and sixth members of the Standing Committee.

Ding Shengshu

Ding Shengshu (1909-1989)

linguist. No. Wuzi. Born in Dengzhou City, Henan Province. After graduating from the Department of Chinese Literature of Peking University in 1932, he went to the Institute of History and Languages of the Central Academy of Sciences. Inspection in the United States from 1944 to 1948. Since 1952, he has been a researcher at the Institute of Languages of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (renamed the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1977). He is the editor-in-chief of Chinese Language Magazine, a member of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1959 to 1964, and a representative of the Third and Fifth National People's Congresses of 1964 and 1978. Ding Shengshu has struggled in the field of language and writing for nearly half a century, and has a wide range of research. He has profound attainments in Chinese grammar, Chinese phonology, Chinese dialects, ancient Chinese and dictionary compilation.

Gu Yanwu

Gu Yanwu (1613-1682)

Gu Yanwu (1613 (forty-one years of Ming Wanli)-1682 (twenty-one years of Qing Emperor Kangxi)), formerly known as

Gu Yanwu

Alas, the word Zhongqing. After the death of Ming Dynasty, the name was changed to Yanwu, Zining people, and self-signed Jiang Shan servant. The scholar respected Mr. Tinglin. Born in Kunshan, Jiangsu. A famous thinker, historian and linguist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. He has made a great contribution to the country.

He participated in the struggle against the Qing Dynasty and later devoted himself to academic research. In his later years, he focused on the study of classics and studied the ancient sounds. Author of "Rizhilu" and "Five Books of Phonetics", he is the founder of ancient rhyme in the Qing Dynasty, with a lot of achievements; he also contributed to Qiyun, but not as much as he contributed to ancient rhyme.

The greatest feature of Gu Tinglin's academics is the metaphysical idealism against Song and Ming Confucianism, and emphasizes objective investigation and research, opening up a new style of the generation, and proposing "Gentlemen as learning, wiseness and salvation. That s it, so what is the meaning of the so-called carved worm?

Gu Tinglin emphasized that in order to learn, one must first establish a personality: "Rice, integrity, and shame are the four dimensions", and advocate "the rise and fall of the country, and the husband is responsible". "Rizhi Lu" Volume XIII: "He who protects the world, the humiliation of a husband, and the blame."

Pan Wuyun

Pan Wuyun (1943-)

Chinese linguist, Ruian, Zhejiang. Expert in Chinese Phonology.

Born in March 1943. He received his Master of Arts degree from Fudan University in 1982. 1993

Pan Wuyun

He was transferred to Shanghai Normal University from Wenzhou Teachers College, and was named as a doctoral supervisor of modern Chinese in the same year. He was also the person in charge of the doctoral program. . Since 1986, he has been invited to lecture, research and academic visits at the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, University of Wisconsin, University of Oslo, City University of Hong Kong, Chinese University, University of Science and Technology.

Zhou Youguang

Zhou Youguang (1906-)

Zhou Youguang, formerly Zhou Yaoping, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu in 1906. Professor of Economics, Distinguished Linguist.

Born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province on January 13, 1906, he later moved to Suzhou. He started studying at Shanghai St. John's University in 1923; in the "Fifty-Nine Massacre" in Shanghai in 1925, he left school with all his classmates and Chinese professors, and changed to Guanghua University, founded by teachers and students who left the school. From 1928 to 1949, he taught at Guanghua University, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Education Colleges; worked at Xinhua Bank, and the bank was stationed in New York, USA. After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, he returned to China and served as a professor at the Institute of Economics of Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics. In October 1955, he participated in the National Written Reform Conference. After the meeting, he served as a researcher at the Chinese Written Reform Committee and the National Language Work Committee, and concurrently a professor at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Participated in the formulation of the Hanyu Pinyin plan and proposed the three principles of the plan. The plan was announced in 1958. He presided over the formulation of the basic rules of Chinese Pinyin orthography, and put forward the basic rules and inherent contradictions of orthography. The basic rules were announced in 1988. From 1979 to 1982, he attended the International Documents and Technology Conference of the International Organization for Standardization, which recognized the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as the international standard for spelling Chinese (ISO 7098) through international voting. Participated in the formulation of the Chinese finger alphabet scheme for deaf education (published in 1963) and the design of Chinese finger syllables. In 1958, he began to teach courses on Chinese character reform at Peking University and Renmin University. The handout "Introduction to Chinese Character Reform" was published in the first edition in 1961, the third edition in 1979, and translated into Japanese in 1985 and published in Japan. Since 1980, he has been one of the three members of the Chinese side of the Sino-US Joint Editorial Review Committee and Advisory Committee for translating the British Encyclopedia. Published "Construction of New Languages" (1992) and "New Languages of the New Era" (1999), which expounded the historical process of language life, the bilingual life of mankind, the formation and development of national common language and international common language. The "Chinese Language Talk" (1992) was published, proposing the diminishing rate of Chinese characters and the effective phonetic rate next to the sounds of Chinese characters, and expounding the four principles for organizing Chinese characters (fixing, fixing, ordering, and quantifying). Published "Modern Chinese Characters" (1980), "Chinese Characters and Cultural Issues" (2000), advocated the study of modern Chinese characters; Shanghai Normal University, East China Normal University, and Peking University successively opened courses on modern Chinese characters. Published "Chinese Internal Law and Chinese Input Techniques" (1983), expounded the principle of word-by-word and the principle of Pinyin transformation of Chinese characters, and promoted the double spelling method of words, phrases and segments as a unit, so that the technology of Pinyin transformation Chinese characters replaced Glyph encoding, made into software in 1983. Published the "History of the Development of World Characters" in 1997 and the "Introduction to Comparative Philology" in 1998. He advocated the study of comparative philology and understood the historical status of Chinese characters in the history of the development of world characters. Taxonomy; new exploration of the development of human characters; adopted by Tsinghua University and other schools as teaching materials. He retired at the age of 83 in 1989 and continued to research and write at home. The "Shockwave of Modern Culture" was published in 2000, explaining the historical comparison of the four traditional worlds and the aura and shadow of Chinese culture. In 2001, some articles published after the age of 90 were selected and compiled into "Chou Youguang's Fashionable Manuscripts", which advocated a step forward in Chinese culture to adapt to the era of informationization and globalization. He has published more than 20 books and more than 300 papers. After retirement, his writings continued, and in 2005 a book entitled "Zhou Youguang's New Hundred Year Old Manuscript" was published. He has been a member of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Lu Zhiwei

Lu Zhiwei (1894 1970)

Linguist, psychologist. Alias Lu Baoqi, a native of Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province. He graduated from Soochow University in 1913 and went to the Department of Psychology of the University of Chicago to study for a PhD degree. After returning to China in 1920, he served as a professor, head of department, and principal of Nanjing Higher Normal University, Southeast University, and Yanjing University. Then he went to the Institute of Linguistics, a researcher at any level, and the leader of the Chinese history research team. In 1955, he was appointed as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has also served as a member of the first CPPCC National Committee, director of the Preparatory Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the Chinese Character Reform Committee, and member of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Committee. His research in linguistics includes phonology, vocabulary, grammar, and character reform in modern Chinese. In the study of the ancient Chinese phonetics, his representatives include "Zheng Guangyun's 51 Sounds" (Yanjing Journal, 1939, Issue 25), "The Third and Fourth Class, and the so-called" Yuhua "" ("Yanjing Journal" No. 26 of 1939), "The General Trend of Intermediate Sound Changes in Shuo Wenguang Yun" (Yanjing Journal, No. 28, 1940), etc. In the article "Zheng Guangyun's Fifty-one Sounds", he made reference to domestic dialects and foreign transliterations, and used modern mathematical linguistic methods to analyze and research the collected materials based on statistical probability relationships. The sound category of Yun has made a detailed discussion and proof. The novel research methods used in this article have great value in methodology for the scientific development of phonology and have a great impact. The article "The General Trend of the Transformation of the Sound Class in the Middle of Wenwen Yun" also uses linguistic statistics to study phonology, which is groundbreaking. He also pointed out that the advantage of this method is that it can isolate the errors of the version, the errors of Shuo Wen itself, and the errors of the Han and Wei classics' phonetic transcription. His "Ancient Yinyuelue" (No. 20 of the 1947 "Journal of Yanjing") is his masterpiece of phonological research. The Book of Poetry and Rhythm (Special Issue No. 21 of the 1948 Journal of Yanjing) is the first monograph in China to compose the phonetic notation of the Book of Songs based on personal opinions. From 1946 to 1948, he published 9 papers on the history of ancient Chinese phonetics in the Journal of Yanjing (The Commercial Press published these 9 papers in the name of "Lu Zhiwei's Modern Chinese Phonology Collection" in 1988), and these papers were published. Provides a wealth of information for the study of the history of Chinese phonetics. His highly academic and creative research has made great contributions to the scientific development of Chinese history. In the study of Chinese vocabulary and grammar, his book "Beijing Monosyllabic Vocabulary" (People's Publishing House, 1951; Revised Edition of Science Press, 1964) is the result of research on a large number of spoken materials in Beijing. An important reference for studies on Chinese vocabulary, grammar, and text reform. His book "Word Formation in Chinese" (Cooperative, Science Press, 1957) is a solution to the problem of concatenated words in Pinyin and analysis of Beijing colloquial materials. The most in-depth research on a monograph. The book uses the structural analysis methodthe extension method as the formal standard for determining the boundaries of Chinese words. It has great influence and value on the research of Chinese word formation, the establishment of the Chinese word formation theory system, and the problem of word segmentation and concatenation of pinyin characters.