What Is Refrigerated Trucking?

Refrigerated transportation refers to the rapid and high-quality transportation of perishable goods by using methods such as refrigeration, insulation and ventilation. Refrigerated trucks, refrigerated ships and refrigerated containers are the main tools for refrigerated transport. China has a vast land, a large climate difference, a wide variety of perishable goods, and an average transportation mileage. Therefore, the organization of refrigerated transportation is complicated and the cost of refrigerated transportation is high. Doing a good job in refrigerated transportation is of great significance to meet the needs of social production, people's life and foreign trade. ^[1]

The classification of refrigerated logistics mainly depends on the temperature requirements of the goods being transported. The fresh-keeping categories such as vegetables, flowers, fruits, fresh-keeping vaccines, fresh aquatic products, electronic components, and general temperature requirements are 2-8 degrees. Items such as: Pai Suan meat, Jiang seafood products, soy products, vaccine products, medical waste, and chocolate. Generally, the temperature requirement is between 0 ° C and -5 ° C. Frozen items such as quick-frozen foods, frozen seafood products, frozen meat products, etc. generally require a temperature between -10 ° C and -18 ° C. Deep-frozen items such as high-grade ice cream, high-dangerous goods, and high-grade live-bakery yeast dough generally require a temperature between -20 and -45 degrees. There is also an extremely high-risk product

Refers to facilities and devices that can maintain a certain low temperature environment and can transport low temperature goods. Depending on the mode of transportation, it includes onshore refrigerated transportation (road refrigerated transportation, railway refrigerated transportation), refrigerated containers, refrigerated shipping on ships and refrigerated transportation by air. The reefer is the last link in the refrigeration chain.

Have good cooling, ventilation and necessary thermal equipment

The box should have good thermal insulation performance

Should have some ventilation equipment, which can be cleaned

Should have the characteristics of load bearing capacity, large effective volume, light weight, and good applicability

Various equipment and facilities that run through every link in the entire cold chain, see Figure 8-1

Main equipment in the food refrigeration chain: various cooling equipment (including pre-cooling equipment), freezing equipment, refrigerators, refrigerated transport equipment, refrigerated display cabinets (including refrigerated cabinets), household refrigerators and refrigerators, etc.

The fresh-keeping chain refers to a system that comprehensively uses a variety of suitable fresh-keeping methods and means to make fresh and perishable food in all aspects of production, processing, storage, transportation and sales, and to maintain the freshness and quality of food to the maximum extent.

Most rhizomes and leafy vegetables are suitable for storage at temperatures close to the freezing point. Most vegetables and fruits native to temperate and cold regions require a storage temperature of about 0 degrees, such as apple, pear, peach, cauliflower, celery, etc .; origin Most tropical and subtropical vegetables and fruits require temperatures above 0 degrees, for example, 13 degrees for bananas, 10 degrees for mangoes, 12-13 degrees for cucumbers, and 9-12 degrees for green peppers.
If the storage temperature is higher than the optimal temperature, the post-ripening and aging process will be accelerated, and the storage period will be shortened; if the storage temperature is lower than the optimal temperature, cold damage and freezing damage will occur. The low temperature critical temperature for storage varies by species.
Storage temperature of main vegetables and recommended storage schedule ^[3]

Railway refrigerated (insulated) vehicles

The railway refrigerated truck has the characteristics of large transportation volume and fast speed.

Good railway refrigerated trucks should have good thermal insulation performance and be equipped with cooling, ventilation and heating devices

Classification of railway refrigerated trucks

Refrigerated truck with ice

Mechanical refrigerated truck

Freezing plate refrigerated truck

No cold source heat preservation vehicle

Liquid nitrogen and dry ice refrigerated trucks

Railway machinery refrigerated truck

The railway mechanical refrigerated truck is a refrigerated truck with a mechanical refrigeration device as a cold source. It is one of the main tools in railway refrigerated transportation at present.

advantage:

Railway machinery refrigerated trucks have fast cooling speeds;

Large temperature adjustment range and uniform temperature distribution in the car;

Fast shipping

Strong adaptability, cooling, heating, ventilation, and defrost can be automated;

The new mechanical refrigerated truck is also equipped with automatic temperature detection, recording and safety alarm devices.

Refrigerated truck with ice

The ice-refrigerated railway refrigerated truck has a body structure similar to that of a general railway boxcar, but has a heat insulation and moisture-proof structure for the wall, roof and floor, and is equipped with air-tight doors.

Ice-added railway refrigerated trucks use ice or ice salt as a cold source

The ice-added railway refrigerated trucks are generally equipped with 6 to 7 saddle-shaped refrigerators on the roof, with 2 to 3 as a group.

Highway refrigerated vehicles have the characteristics of flexible use, low construction investment, and convenient operation management and dispatching.

Not only short-distance transportation of perishable food, but also short-distance transportation with railway refrigerated trucks and water refrigerated ships

Classification of refrigerated cars

Refrigerated cars are actually called refrigerated and insulated cars. There are two types of refrigerated cars and insulated cars.

Insulated cars refer to cars with insulated compartments, suitable for short-distance heat preservation transportation of food

Refrigerated car is a car that has a heat-insulated compartment and is equipped with a cooling device

Refrigerated cars can be classified in the following ways:

Classified by refrigeration method of refrigeration device:

Mechanical refrigerated car

Frozen plate refrigerated car

Liquid nitrogen refrigerated car

Dry ice refrigerated car

Refrigerated cars, etc.

Among them, mechanical refrigerated cars are the main type of refrigerated cars.

Classification by function of special equipment

According to the total heat transfer coefficient of the insulated car body: ordinary heat insulation type and reinforced heat insulation type

The temperature range of the mechanical refrigerated automobile that can maintain the interior temperature (tn) when the external temperature (tw) is 30 : A-F

When the non-mechanical refrigerated automobile has an external temperature (tw) of 30 ° C, the temperature range in which the internal temperature tn can be continuously maintained is: A, B, C

Refrigerated cars equipped with heating devices can rise above 12 ° C according to the temperature inside the car and maintain a certain temperature for 12 hours. The permissible external temperature conditions are: A, B.

Refrigerated container is a special container that has good heat insulation, air tightness, and can maintain certain low temperature requirements, and is suitable for the transportation and storage of various perishable foods.

Basic types of reefer containers

Insulated container

External refrigerated container

Built-in refrigerated container

Liquid nitrogen and dry ice refrigerated containers

Refrigerated container

Modified reefer container

Basic properties of reefer containers

The reefer container adopts galvanized steel structure, and the inner wall, bottom plate, top plate and door of the container are made of metal composite plate, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate or polyester.

Container size and performance have been standardized internationally

The use temperature range is -30 12 , the more general range is -30 20

Features: The refrigerated container has the advantages of flexible loading and unloading, stable cargo transportation temperature, low cargo pollution, and low loss. It is used in a variety of carriers, with fast loading and unloading speed, short transportation time, and low transportation costs.

Refrigerated containers can be divided into two types, sea transportation and land transportation.

Reefer Container Features

Refrigerated containers can be used for multiple transportation

It can realize "country-to-country" direct transportation from the place of production to the point of sale.

Can be used as a mobile cold storage under certain conditions

The whole box can be hoisted during use, the loading and unloading efficiency is high, and the transportation cost is relatively low.

High loading volume utilization, flexible operation scheduling, and strong economical use.

The new reefer container structure and technical performance are more reasonable and advanced, and have wide applicability.