What Is the Federal Insurance Contributions Act?

QS World University Rankings is an annual world university ranking published by Quacquarelli Symonds, a British international education market consulting company (referred to as QS, Chinese company Quaquarrelli Simmonds). QS initially cooperated with Thames Higher Education (THE) to jointly launch the Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings, which was first released in 2004 and is a relatively early global university ranking. Since 2010, QS and Thames Higher Education The cooperation was terminated and the two began publishing their respective world university rankings. QS Global Education Group generally updates its rankings every summer.

QS World University Rankings

Because the evaluation standards and the weight of each indicator are different, even in the same institution, the QS regional rankings of the same year are different from the main QS world university rankings. For example, the University of Hong Kong ranked first in Asia in the QS World University Rankings in 2010, 2011, and 2012, ranging from 22 to 23 in the world.

QS rankings have been criticized for having too many subjective indicators and commercialization indicators. Many colleges have lack of sub-item data, and the total score has greatly deviated. ^[2]

The QS World University Rankings are mainly conducted by questionnaire surveys. A series of academic indicators are used to measure the influence of world universities. The specific indicators and their weights are:

Academic Reputation 40%

Global Employer Reputation 10%

Faculty / Student Ratio 20%

Citations per faculty 20%

International Faculty Ratio (5%)

International Student Ratio (5%)

Total 100%.

References: ^[25-28]

QS World University Rankings

QS Asian University Rankings

QS Latin America University Rankings

QS BRICS University Rankings

2010 QS World University Rankings 2010

In September 2010, according to the 2010 World University Rankings published by the British higher education research institute QS, Cambridge University in the United Kingdom defeated Harvard University for the first time and became the world's highest ranked university. ^[31]

Looking at the top 20 universities in the world, most of them are American universities, the highest ranking in Asia is the University of Hong Kong, ranking 23rd, an increase of 1 from 2009, followed by the University of Tokyo, Japan, 24th, which is lower than 2009. 2 people. ^[31]

A total of 2 universities in mainland China are among the top 100 in the world. Peking University ranks 47th, an increase of 5 from 2009, and Tsinghua University fell 5 to 54th. ^[31]

2010 Ranking	2009 Ranking	University name	country / region
1	2	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom
2	1	Harvard University	United States
3	3	Yale University	United States
4	4	University College London	United Kingdom
5	9	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States
6	5 =	Oxford university	United Kingdom
7	5 =	Imperial College London	United Kingdom
8	7	University of Chicago	United States
9	10	California Institute of Technology	United States
10	8	Princeton University	United States
11	11	Columbia University	United States
12	12	University of Pennsylvania	United States
13	16	Stanford University	United States
14	14	Duke University	United States
15	19	University of Michigan	United States
16	15	Cornell University	United States
17	13	Johns Hopkins University	United States
18	20 =	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich	Switzerland
19	18	McGill University	Canada
20	17	Australian National University	Australia
twenty one	twenty three	King's College London	United Kingdom
twenty two	20 =	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom
twenty three	twenty four	Hong Kong university	China Hong Kong
twenty four	twenty two	University of Tokyo	Japan
25	25	Kyoto University	Japan
26	32 =	Northwest University	United States
27	34	University of Bristol	United Kingdom
28	39	University of California Berkeley	United States
29	29	University of Toronto	Canada
30	26	University of manchester	United Kingdom
31	30	National University of Singapore	Singapore
32	42	Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne	Switzerland
33	28	Paris Normal University	France
34	27	Carnegie Mellon University	United States
35	32 =	UCLA	United States
36	36 =	Paris Polytechnic	France
37	36 =	University of Sydney	Australia
38	36 =	University of Melbourne	Australia
39	31	Brown university	United States
40	35	Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	China Hong Kong
41	52 =	New York University	United States
42	46	Chinese University of Hong Kong	China Hong Kong
43	41	Queens university	Australia
44	40	University of British Columbia	Canada
45	51	University of Copenhagen	Denmark
46	47 =	University of New South Wales	Australia
47	52 =	Beijing University	China
48	61 =	University of Wisconsin-Madison	United States
49	43 =	Osaka University	Japan
50	47 =	University of Seoul	Korea
51	57	University of Heidelberg	Germany
52	43 =	Trinity College Dublin	Ireland
53	58	University of Warwick	United Kingdom
54	49 =	Tsinghua University	China
55	80	Washington University	United States
56	49 =	University of Amsterdam	Netherlands
57	78	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	United States
58	55 =	Munich Industrial University	Germany
59	66	University of Birmingham	United Kingdom
60	55 =	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Japan
61	45	Monash University	Australia
62	75	University of Uppsala	Sweden
63	63 =	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	United States
64	54	Boston University	United States
65	76 =	University of California San Diego	United States
66	98	University of Munich	Germany
67	76 =	University of Texas at Austin	United States
68	61 =	University of Auckland	new Zealand
69	82	University of sheffield	United Kingdom
70	94	Free University of Berlin	Germany
71	72	University of Geneva, Switzerland	Switzerland
72	67 =	Lund University	Sweden
73	91	University of Nottingham	United Kingdom
74	73 =	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore
75	108 =	University of Helsinki	Finland
75	73 =	Washington University in St. Louis	United States
77	79	Glasgow University	United Kingdom
78	59	University of alberta	Canada
79	69	Korea Academy of Science and Technology	Korea
80	67 =	London School of Economics and Political Science	United Kingdom
81	95 =	University of Southampton	United Kingdom
82	60	Leiden University	Netherlands
83	70 =	Utrecht University	Netherlands
84	63 =	Aarhus University	Denmark
85	99	University of Leeds	United Kingdom
86	65	Catholic University of Leuven	Belgium
87	87 =	Purdue University	United States
88	70 =	York University	United Kingdom
89	84	University of Western Australia	Australia
90	85	Dartmouth College	United States
91	92 =	Nagoya University	Japan
92	103 =	Durham University	United Kingdom
93	101 =	Moscow State University	Russia
94	95 =	National Taiwan University	Taiwan, China
95	87 =	St Andrews University	United Kingdom
96	105	University of Minnesota	United States
97	122 =	University of Freiburg	Germany
98	120 =	Penn State University	United States
99	108 =	Rotterdam Erasmus University	Netherlands
100	101	University of Oslo	Norway
101	92 =	University of Zurich	Switzerland
102	97	Tohoku University	Japan
103	81	University of Adelaide	Australia
104	122 =	University of maryland	United States
105	103 =	Fudan University	China
106	86	Georgia Institute of Technology	United States
107	90	Emory University	United States
108	83	Delft University of Technology	Netherlands
109	102	Hebrew University of Jerusalem	Israel
110	108 =	University of California, Davis	United States
111	116	Maastricht University	Netherlands
112	134	Pohang University of Science and Technology	Korea
113	112	University of Southern California	United States
114	89	University of Dublin	Ireland
115	100	Rice University	United States
116	106	University of California, Santa Barbara	United States
117	129 =	University of aberdeen	United Kingdom
118	117	University of Paris 6	France
119	114 =	University of Pittsburgh	United States
120	138 =	University of Groningen	Netherlands
121	137	University of liverpool	United Kingdom
122	135	Cardiff University	United Kingdom
123	146 =	Humboldt University of Berlin	Germany
124	126 =	University of Leuven	Belgium
125	129 =	Ohio State University	United States
126	120 =	Eindhoven University of Technology	Netherlands
127	119	Case Western Reserve University	United States
127	141	University of Rochester	United States
129	124	City University of Hong Kong	China Hong Kong
130	128	University of virginia	United States
131	149 =	Eberhard-Karls-Tübingen University	Germany
132	118	Queen university	Canada
133	144 =	University of Bergen	Norway
134	140	Vanderbilt University	United States
135	125	University of Otago	new Zealand
136	107	University of Montreal	Canada
137	108 =	University of Basel	Switzerland
138	114 =	Tel Aviv University	Israel
139	126 =	Lyon Normal University	France
140	158	University of newcastle	United Kingdom
141	159	Danish Technical University	Denmark
142	151 =	Yonsei University	Korea
143	132 =	University of vienna	Austria
144	144 =	University of Bath	United Kingdom
145	113	University of Waterloo	Canada
146	161	University of California, Irvine	United States
147	164	Queen Mary University of London	United Kingdom
148	171 =	University of Barcelona	Spain
149	220 =	University of Nijmegen	Netherlands
150	174 =	Royal Swedish Institute of Technology	Sweden
151	153	Shanghai Jiaotong University	China
152	168 =	University of Lausanne	Switzerland
153	155 =	Kyushu university	Japan
154	154	University of Science and Technology of China	China
155	129 =	Georgetown University	United States
156	166 =	University of Sussex	United Kingdom
157	160	Tufts University	United States
158	182	Aachen University of Technology	Germany
159	132 =	Israel Institute of Engineering and Technology	Israel
160	166 =	University of Arizona	United States
161	146 =	University of Cape Town	South Africa
162	143	McMaster University	Canada
162	193 =	University of bern	Switzerland
164	151 =	University of Western Ontario	Canada
165	149 =	University of Calgary	Canada
166	195	Hong Kong Polytechnic University	China Hong Kong
166	184	Karlsruhe University	Germany
168	215 =	University of Stockholm	Sweden
169	196 =	University of Leicester	United Kingdom
170	186 =	University of Colorado	United States
171	165	Free University of Amsterdam	Netherlands
172	174 =	University of Tsukuba	Japan
173	211 =	Autonomous University of Barcelona	Spain
174	186 =	George-august-gerdingen university	Germany
175	171 =	Hokkaido University	Japan
176	174 =	University of Bologna	Italy
177	168 =	Nanjing University	China
178	155 =	Wageningen University	Netherlands
179	177 =	University of Antwerp	Belgium
180	138 =	Chulalongkorn University	Thailand
181	162	Lancaster University	United Kingdom
182	148	Waseda University	Japan
183	185	University of Gothenburg	Sweden
184	207 =	Cork University	Ireland
185	191 =	University of Reading	United Kingdom
186	228	University of Paris IV	France
187	163	Mumbai Institute of Technology	India
188	225	University of Iowa	United States
189	188	University of canterbury	new Zealand
190	205	Sapienza University of Rome	Italy
191	211 =	Korea University	Korea
192	136	Ghent University	Belgium
193	201 =	University of Florida	United States
194	173	Stony university	United States
195	233	University of Frankfurt	Germany
196	223 =	National Tsinghua University	Taiwan, China
197	201 =	Queen's University of Belfast	United Kingdom
198	179	Texas A & M University	United States
199	200	University of Twente	Netherlands
200	237 =	University of Bonn	Germany

(Reference source: ^[32] )

2011 QS World University Rankings 2011

Ranking	College	country / region	Overall score
1	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	100.0
2	Harvard University	United States	99.3
3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	United States	99.2
4	Yale University	United States	98.8
5	University of Oxford	United Kingdom	98.0
6	Imperial College London	United Kingdom	97.6
7	UCL (University College London)	United Kingdom	97.3
8	University of Chicago	United States	96.1
9	University of Pennsylvania	United States	95.7
10	Columbia University	United States	95.3
11	Stanford University	United States	93.4
12	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	United States	93.0
13	Princeton University	United States	91.9
14	University of Michigan	United States	91.3
15	Cornell University	United States	90.7
16	Johns Hopkins University	United States	90.0
17	McGill University	Canada	89.6
18	ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)	Switzerland	89.5
19	Duke University	United States	89.3
20	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom	87.8
twenty one	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	United States	87.6
twenty two	University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	87.0
twenty three	University of Toronto	Canada	86.2
twenty four	Northwestern University	United States	85.9
25	The University of Tokyo	Japan	85.9
26	Australian National University	Australia	85.7
27	King? S College London (University of London)	United Kingdom	85.0
28	National University of Singapore (NUS)	Singapore	84.1
29	The University of Manchester	United Kingdom	84.0
30	University of Bristol	United Kingdom	83.7
31	The University of Melbourne	Australia	83.6
32	Kyoto University	Japan	82.9
33	École Normale Supérieure, Paris	France	82.4
34	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	United States	81.9
35	Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	Switzerland	81.8
36	École Polytechnique	France	80.5
37	The Chinese University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	79.5
38	The University of Sydney	Australia	79.3
39	Brown University	United States	79.2
40	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	Hong Kong	79.1
41	University of Wisconsin-Madison	United States	79.0
42	Seoul National University	Korea	78.7
43	Carnegie Mellon University	United States	78.5
44	New York University (NYU)	United States	77.7
45	Osaka University	Japan	77.5
46	Peking University	China	77.4
47	Tsinghua University	China	76.3
48	The University of Queensland	Australia	75.9
49	The University of New South Wales	Australia	75.7
50	The University of Warwick	United Kingdom	74.9
51	University of British Columbia	Canada	74.8
52	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	74.7
53	Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg	Germany	74.5
54	Technische Universität München	Germany	74.3
55	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	United States	73.6
56	University of Washington	United States	72.9
57	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Japan	72.7
58	Nanyang Technological University (NTU)	Singapore	72.5
59	University of Glasgow	United Kingdom	72.1
60	Monash university	Australia	72.1
61	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	United States	71.9
62	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	Germany	71.6
63	University of Amsterdam	Netherlands	71.5
64	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	United Kingdom	70.5
65	Trinity College Dublin	Ireland	70.0
66	Freie Universität Berlin	Germany	70.0
67	University of Birmingham	United Kingdom	69.9
68	Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Belgium	69.9
69	University of Geneva	Switzerland	69.8
70 =	Boston University	United States	69.7
70 =	Tohoku University	Japan	69.7
72	The University of Sheffield	United Kingdom	69.6
73	The University of Western Australia	Australia	69.2
74	The University of Nottingham	United Kingdom	68.8
75	University of Southampton	United Kingdom	68.8
76	University of Texas at Austin	United States	68.7
77	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	United States	68.5
78	Washington University in St. Louis	United States	68.5
79	Aarhus University	Denmark	68.0
80 =	Nagoya University	Japan	68.0
80 =	Utrecht University	Netherlands	68.0
82	The University of Auckland	new Zealand	67.3
83	Uppsala university	Sweden	67.2
84	Georgia Institute of Technology	United States	67.1
85	Purdue University	United States	67.1
86	Lund University	Sweden	66.7
87	National Taiwan University (NTU)	Taiwan, China	66.6
88	Leiden University	Netherlands	66.6
89	University of Helsinki	Finland	66.3
90	KAIST-Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology	Korea	66.0
91	Fudan University	China	65.7
92	The University of Adelaide	Australia	65.7
93	University of Leeds	United Kingdom	65.7
94	Pennsylvania State University	United States	65.4
95	Durham University	United Kingdom	65.2
96	University of York	United Kingdom	65.2
97	University of St Andrews	United Kingdom	65.1
98	Pohang University of Science And Technology (POSTECH)	Korea	65.1
99	Dartmouth College	United States	64.9
100	University of Alberta	Canada	64.5
101	University of California, Davis	United States	64.4
102	University of Minnesota	United States	64.3
103	Erasmus University Rotterdam	Netherlands	64.0
104	Delft University of Technology	Netherlands	63.9
105	Universität Freiburg	Germany	63.7
106	University of Zurich	Switzerland	63.3
107	University of Southern California	United States	63.2
108	University of Oslo	Norway	62.9
109	Maastricht University	Netherlands	62.5
110	City University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong	62.0
111	Ohio State University	United States	61.5
112	Lomonosov Moscow State University	Russia	61.3
113	University of Maryland, College Park	United States	61.0
114	Emory University	United States	60.4
115	University of Groningen	Netherlands	60.4
116	University of Pittsburgh	United States	60.3
117	Rice University	United States	60.2
118	University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)	United States	59.9
119	Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)	France	59.8
120	Hebrew University of Jerusalem	Israel	59.4
121	University of Bergen	Norway	59.3
122	Kyushu University	Japan	58.9
123	University of Liverpool	United Kingdom	58.8
124	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	58.3
125	Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)	Belgium	57.8
126	University of Virginia	United States	57.6
127	Newcastle university	United Kingdom	57.6
128	University of Rochester	United States	57.4
129	Yonsei University	Korea	57.3
130	University of Otago	new Zealand	57.2
131	Vanderbilt University	United States	57.2
132	Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin	Germany	57.1
133	École Normale Supérieure de Lyon	France	57.0
134	University College Dublin	Ireland	56.9
135	Cardiff university	United Kingdom	56.9
136	University of Lausanne	Switzerland	56.7
137	Université de Montréal	Canada	56.4
138	Radboud University Nijmegen	Netherlands	56.1
139	Hokkaido university	Japan	55.9
140	Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen	Germany	55.9
141	University of Aberdeen	United Kingdom	55.7
142	University of Colorado at Boulder	United States	55.3
143	University of Bern	Switzerland	55.0
144	Queen's University	Canada	54.9
145	Case Western Reserve University	United States	54.8
146	Eindhoven University of Technology	Netherlands	54.8
147	Universität Karlsruhe	Germany	54.6
148	University of California, Irvine	United States	54.5
149	Georg-August-Universität Göttingen	Germany	53.8
150	Technical University of Denmark	Denmark	53.8
151	University of Basel	Switzerland	53.8
152	Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen	Germany	53.7
153	Lancaster University	United Kingdom	53.4
154	Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn	Germany	53.4
155	University of Vienna	Australia	53.3
156	University of Cape Town	South Africa	52.9
157	The University of Western Ontario	Canada	52.6
158	Texas A & M University	United States	52.5
159	Mcmaster university	Canada	52.2
160	University of Waterloo	Canada	52.0
161	University of Florida	United States	51.6
162	University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC)	United States	51.5
163	University of Arizona	United States	51.5
164	Michigan State University	United States	51.4
165	University of Ghent	Belgium	51.3
166	Georgetown University	United States	51.0
167	Universiti Malaya (UM)	Malaysia	50.9
168	University of Bath	United Kingdom	50.8
169 =	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)	Mexico	50.7
169 =	Universidade de São Paulo	Brazil	50.7
171	Chulalongkorn University	Thailand	50.7
172	Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL)	United Kingdom	50.7
173	Tel Aviv University	Israel	50.6
174	Tufts University	United States	50.6
175	Wageningen University	Netherlands	50.3
176	University of Barcelona	Spain	50.3
177	The Hong Kong Polytechnic University	Hong Kong	50.1
178	Stockholm University	Sweden	49.8
179	VU University Amsterdam	Netherlands	49.6
180	KTH, Royal Institute of Technology	Sweden	49.6
181	University College Cork	Israel	49.5
182	Universität Frankfurt am Main	Germany	49.5
183	University of Bologna	Italy	49.4
184	University of Gothenburg	Sweden	49.3
185	Waseda University	Japan	49.2
186 =	Nanjing University	China	49.0
186 =	University of Tsukuba	Japan	49.0
188 =	Keio University	Japan	49.0
188 =	University of Science and Technology of China	China	49.0
190	Korea University	Korea	49.0
191	Zhejiang University	China	48.8
192	University of Iowa	United States	48.4
193	Queen's University of Belfast	United Kingdom	48.3
194	Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona	Spain	48.2
195	University of Leicester	United Kingdom	48.0
196	Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)	Belgium	47.9
197 =	University of Antwerp	Belgium	47.5
197 =	University of Sussex	United Kingdom	47.5
199	University of Dundee	United Kingdom	47.3
200	King saud university	Saudi Arabia	47.1

(Reference source: ^[33] )

2012 QS World University Rankings 2012

Ranking	school	country
1.	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States
2.	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom
3.	Harvard University	United States
4.	University College London	United Kingdom
5.	Oxford university	United Kingdom
6.	Imperial College	United Kingdom
7.	Yale University	United States
8.	University of Chicago	United States
9.	Princeton University	United States
10.	California Institute of Technology	United States
11.	Columbia University	United States
12.	University of Pennsylvania	United States
13.	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology	Switzerland
14.	Cornell University	United States
15.	Stanford University	United States
16.	Johns Hopkins University	United States
17.	University of Michigan	United States
18.	McGill University	Canada
19.	University of Toronto	Canada
20.	Duke University	United States
twenty one.	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom
twenty two.	University of California Berkeley	United States
twenty three.	Hong Kong university	China
twenty four.	Australian National University	Australia
25.	National University of Singapore	Singapore
26.	King's College, University of London	United Kingdom
27.	Northwest University	United States
28.	University of Bristol	United Kingdom
29.	Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne	Switzerland
30.	University of Tokyo	Japan
31.	UCLA	United States
32.	University of manchester	United Kingdom
33.	Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	China
34.	Paris Normal University	France
35.	Kyoto University	Japan
36.	University of Melbourne	Australia
37.	Seoul National University	Korea
38.	Wisconsin-Madison	United States
39.	University of Sydney	Australia
40.	Chinese University of Hong Kong	China
41.	Paris Polytechnic	France
42.	Brown university	United States
43.	New York University	United States
44.	Beijing University	China
45.	University of British Columbia	Canada
46.	Queensland university	Australia
47.	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore
48.	Tsinghua University	China
49.	Carnegie Mellon University	United States
50.	Osaka University	Japan
51.	University of Copenhagen	Denmark
52.	University of New South Wales	Australia
53.	Munich Industrial University	Germany
54.	Glasgow University	United Kingdom
55.	University of Heidelberg	Germany
56.	Illinois Urbana-Champaign	United States
57.	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	United States
58.	University of Warwick	United Kingdom
59.	Washington University	United States
60.	University of Munich	Germany
61.	Monash University	Australia
62.	University of Amsterdam	Netherlands
63.	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology	Korea
64.	Boston University	United States
65.	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Japan
66.	University of sheffield	United Kingdom
67.	Trinity College Dublin	Ireland
68.	Texas Austin	United States
69.	London School of Economics and Political Science	United Kingdom
70.	University of California San Diego	United States
71.	Rand University	Sweden
72.	University of Nottingham	United Kingdom
73.	University of Southampton	United Kingdom
74.	University of Geneva	Switzerland
75.	Leiden University	Netherlands
76.	Tohoku University	Japan
77.	University of Birmingham	United Kingdom
78.	University of Helsinki	Finland
79.	University of Western Australia	Australia
80.	Taiwan University	China
81.	University of Uppsala	Sweden
82.	University of Leuven	Belgium
83.	University of Auckland	new Zealand
84.	Washington University in St. Louis	United States
85.	Utrecht University	Netherlands
86.	Nagoya University	Japan
87.	Free University of Berlin	Germany
88.	Georgia Institute of Technology	United States
89.	Aarhus University	Denmark
90.	Fudan University	China
91.	University of Zurich	Switzerland
92.	Durham University	United Kingdom
93.	St Andrews University	United Kingdom
94.	University of Leeds	United Kingdom
95.	City University of Hong Kong	China
96.	Purdue University	United States
97.	Pohang University of Science and Technology	Korea
98.	University of Pittsburgh	United States
99.	University of Rotterdam	Netherlands
100.	University of California, Davis	United States

(Reference: ^[34] )

2013 QS World University Rankings 2013

On September 10, 2013, the international higher education research institute QS announced the 2013/2014 QS World University Rankings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology won the second place, and Harvard University ranked second, ranking one place higher than in 2012. The third to sixth places are all British universities, with the University of Cambridge ranked third, followed by University College London, Imperial College and Oxford University. Stanford University rose from 15th place in 2012 to 7th place in 2013, followed by Yale University and University of Chicago. California Institute of Technology and Princeton University tied for tenth. ^[35]

The National University of Singapore ranks first among universities in the Asian region, ranking 24th. The University of Hong Kong in China ranked 26th. ^[35]

A total of 7 universities in mainland China entered the top 200. The top is Peking University, ranked 46th; Tsinghua University, 48th; Fudan University, 88th; Shanghai Jiaotong University, 123th; Zhejiang University, 165th; University of Science and Technology of China, 174th; Nanjing University , 175 people. ^[35]

Ranking	school	School English Name	country / region	Total Score
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	United States	100
2	Harvard University	Harvard University	United States	99.2
3	University of Cambridge	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	99
4	University College London	UCL (University College London)	United Kingdom	98.9
5	Imperial College	Imperial College London	United Kingdom	98.8
6	Oxford university	University of Oxford	United Kingdom	98.7
7	Stanford University	Stanford University	United States	96.8
8	Yale University	Yale University	United States	96.5
9	University of Chicago	University of Chicago	United States	96.2
10	California Institute of Technology	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	United States	96.1
10	Princeton University	Princeton university	United States	96.1
12	ETH Zurich	ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)	Switzerland	94.3
13	University of Pennsylvania	University of Pennsylvania	United States	93.8
14	Columbia University	Columbia University	United States	93.6
15	Cornell University	Cornell university	United States	92.5
16	Johns Hopkins University	Johns Hopkins University	United States	92.1
17	University of Edinburgh	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom	91.3
17	University of Toronto	University of Toronto	Canada	91.3
19	Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne	Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	Switzerland	90.9
19	King's College, University of London	King's College London (KCL)	United Kingdom	90.9
twenty one	McGill University	McGill University	Canada	90.6
twenty two	University of Michigan Ann Arbor	University of Michigan	United States	90.5
twenty three	Duke University	Duke University	United States	90.1
twenty four	National University of Singapore	National University of Singapore (NUS)	Singapore	89.4
25	University of California Berkeley	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	United States	89
26	Hong Kong university	The University of Hong Kong	China Hong Kong	88.6
27	Australian National University	Australian National University	Australia	88.5
28	Paris Normal University	Ecole normale supérieure, Paris	France	87.8
29	Northwest University	Northwestern university	United States	87.3
30	University of Bristol	University of Bristol	United Kingdom	86.6
31	University of Melbourne	The University of Melbourne	Australia	86
32	University of Tokyo	The University of Tokyo	Japan	85.7
33	University of manchester	The University of Manchester	United Kingdom	85.2
34	Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	China Hong Kong	84.4
35	Kyoto University	Kyoto University	Japan	84.1
35	Seoul National University	Seoul National University	Korea	84.1
37	University of Wisconsin-Madison	University of Wisconsin-Madison	United States	83
38	University of Sydney	The University of Sydney	Australia	82.9
39	Chinese University of Hong Kong	The Chinese University of Hong Kong	China	82.3
40	UCLA	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	United States	81.9
41	Polytechnic University of Paris	Ecole Polytechnique	France	81.1
41	Nanyang Technological University	Nanyang Technological University (NTU)	Singapore	81.1
43	Queensland university	The University of QueenslandThe University of Queensland	Australia	80.9
44	New York University	New York University (NYU)	United States	80.8
45	University of Copenhagen	University of Copenhagen	Denmark	80.5
46	Beijing University	Peking University	China	80
47	Brown university	Brown University	United States	79.8
48	Tsinghua University	Tsinghua University	China	79.7
49	University of British Columbia	University of British Columbia	Canada	79.4
50	University of Heidelberg	Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg	Germany	79.3
51	Glasgow University	University of Glasgow	United Kingdom	78.9
52	University of New South Wales	The University of New South WalesThe University of New South Wales	Australia	78.8
53	Munich Industrial University	Technische Universität München	Germany	78.5
54	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	United States	77
55	Osaka University	Osaka University	Japan	76.9
56	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	United States	76.7
57	Carnegie Mellon University	Carnegie Mellon University	United States	76.6
58	University of Amsterdam	University of Amsterdam	Netherlands	76.4
59	Washington University	University of Washington	United States	76.2
60	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology	KAIST-Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology	Korea	75.8
61	Trinity College Dublin	Trinity College Dublin	Ireland	75.1
62	University of Birmingham	University of Birmingham	United Kingdom	74.9
63	University of California San Diego	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	United States	74.8
64	University of Warwick	The University of WarwickThe University of Warwick	United Kingdom	74.5
65	University of Munich	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	Germany	74.4
66	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Japan	74.2
67	Lund University	Lund University	Sweden	74
68	London School of Economics and Political Science	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	United Kingdom	73.9
69	Monash University	Monash university	Australia	73.7
69	University of Helsinki	University of Helsinki	Finland	73.7
71	University of sheffield	The University of Sheffield	United Kingdom	73.3
71	University of Geneva	University of Geneva	Switzerland	73.3
71	University of Texas at Austin	University of Texas at Austin	United States	73.3
74	Leiden University	Leiden University	Netherlands	73.2
75	University of Nottingham	The University of Nottingham	United Kingdom	73.1
75	Tohoku University	Tohoku University	Japan	73.1
77	University of Leuven	Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Belgium	73
78	University of Zurich	University of Zurich	Switzerland	72.9
79	Boston University	Boston University	United States	72.5
79	University of Uppsala	Uppsala university	Sweden	72.5
81	Utrecht University	Utrecht University	Netherlands	72.3
82	National Taiwan University	National Taiwan University (NTU)	Taiwan, China	72
83	St Andrews University	University of St Andrews	United Kingdom	71.6
84	University of Western Australia	The University of Western Australia	Australia	71.4
85	University of California, Davis	University of California, Davis	United States	71.3
86	University of Southampton	University of Southampton	United Kingdom	71
86	Washington University-St. Louis	Washington University in St. Louis	United States	71
88	Fudan University	Fudan University	China	70.8
89	University of Oslo	University of Oslo	Norway	70.6
90	Durham University	Durham University	United Kingdom	70.4
91	Aarhus University	Aarhus University	Denmark	70.3
92	Rotterdam Erasmus University	Erasmus University Rotterdam	Netherlands	70.2
92	University of Montreal	Université de Montréal	Canada	70.2
94	University of Auckland	The University of Auckland	new Zealand	69.8
95	Delft University of Technology	Delft University of Technology	Netherlands	69.4
96	University of alberta	University of Alberta	Canada	69.3
97	University of Groningen	University of GroningenUniversity of Groningen	Netherlands	69.2
97	University of Leeds	University of Leeds	United Kingdom	69.2
99	Georgia Institute of Technology	Georgia Institute of Technology	United States	68.4
99	Nagoya University	Nagoya University	Japan	68.4
99	Purdue University	Purdue University, West Lafayette	United States	68.0 [36]

(Reference source: ^[36] )

2014 QS World University Rankings 2014

World University Rankings 2014-2015

On September 16, 2014, the British higher education research institute QS released the 2014 QS World University Rankings. The top ten universities are from the United Kingdom and the United States, while three mainland universities have entered the top 100.

The rankings show that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has topped the list for the third consecutive year, with Cambridge University and Imperial College tied for second, Harvard ranked fourth, and Oxford University and University of London tied for fifth. Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Princeton University and Yale University ranked 7th to 10th. ^[37]

The highest ranked institution in Asia is the National University of Singapore at 22nd, followed by the University of Hong Kong at 28th. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the Chinese University of Hong Kong ranked 40th and 46th respectively. There are three universities in mainland China among the top 100, Tsinghua University ranked 47th, Peking University ranked 57th, and Fudan University ranked 71st. ^[37]

2015 QS World University Rankings 2015

In September 2015, the QS World University Rankings (2015/16) was released. MIT ranked first in the world, Harvard ranked second, and Cambridge University and Stanford tied for third. A total of 7 colleges and universities in mainland China have been selected into the top 200 in the world, and Tsinghua University ranked 25th. Since 2006, China has once again been included in the top 25 in the world. In addition to Tsinghua University, other Chinese universities also performed well in this ranking: Peking University rose 16 places to 41, Fudan University rose 20 places to 51, and Shanghai Jiaotong University rose 34 places to 70. ^[38]

Top 15 worldwide

2015	2014	School Name	country
1	1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States
2	4	Harvard University	United States
3 =	2 =	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom
3 =	7	Stanford University	United States
5	8	California Institute of Technology	United States
6	5 =	Oxford university	United Kingdom
7	5 =	University College London	United Kingdom
8	2 =	Imperial College London	United Kingdom
9	12	ETH Zurich	Switzerland
10	11	University of Chicago	United States
11	9	Princeton University	United States
12	twenty two	National University of Singapore	Singapore
13	39	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore
14	17 =	Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne	Switzerland
15	10	Yale University	United States

Top 20 in Mainland China

2015	2014	School Name
25	47	Tsinghua University	C9
41	57 =	Beijing University	C9
51 =	71 =	Fudan University	C9
70 =	104	Shanghai Jiaotong University	C9
110 =	144	Zhejiang University	C9
113 =	147 =	University of Science and Technology of China	C9
130 =	162 =	Nanjing University	C9
232	240 =	Beijing Normal University
273 =	335 =	Wuhan University
277 =	328 =	Nankai University
291	481-490	Harbin Institute of Technology	C9
307	321	Sun Yat-sen University
331 =	379 =	Xi'an Jiaotong University	C9
345 =	393	Tongji University
381 =	451-460	Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
401-410	441-450	Xiamen University
401-410	501-550	Beijing Institute of Technology
411-420	501-550	Shanghai University
421-430	501-550	Tianjin University
441-450	461-470	Huazhong University of Science and Technology

(Reference source: ^[38] )

2016 QS World University Rankings 2016

On September 6, 2016, the British higher education rating agency QS released the "QS World University Rankings 2016-2017". ^[39]

56 Chinese universities are on the list, including 33 in mainland China, 7 in Hong Kong, 1 in Macau, and 15 in Taiwan. Tsinghua University hits a new high, ranking 24th in the world, and is the highest ranked university in China. The rankings of Peking University, Fudan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University have all increased from 2015, and they are located at 39, 43, and 61, respectively. ^[39]

Ranking	first name	Where country	Academic reputation	Employer reputation	Teacher-student ratio	Faculty Paper Citations	International Teacher Ratio	International Student Ratio	Total score
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States	100	100	100	100	96.6	99.9	100
2	Stanford University	United States	100	100	100	99.7	74	99.7	98.7
3	Harvard University	United States	100	100	98.5	100	70.4	100	98.3
4	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	100	100	100	97.6	97.8	86.5	97.2
5	California Institute of Technology	United States	99.4	80.7	100	91.2	87.7	100	96.9
6	Oxford university	United Kingdom	100	100	100	98.7	98.2	83.6	96.8
7	University College London	United Kingdom	99.8	99.3	98.7	99.1	100	79.1	95.6
8	ETH Zurich	Switzerland	99.6	98.9	73.3	100	98.8	98.3	94.2
9	Imperial College	United Kingdom	99.6	100	100	100	100	69.8	94.1
10	University of Chicago	United States	99.9	94.1	95.4	66.5	70.5	88.7	93
11	Princeton University	United States	100	97.9	81.8	65.3	68.7	100	92.8
12	National University of Singapore	Singapore	100	100	88.1	100	90.8	70.9	91.5
13	Nanyang Technological University	Singapore	91.6	94.1	94	100	93.9	83.6	91.4
14	Federal University of Lausanne	Switzerland	82.1	93.5	93.9	100	100	99.1	91.1
15	Yale University	United States	100	99.9	100	91.1	65	65.2	90.9
16	Cornell University	United States	99.6	94	68.9	91.6	66	95.9	90.1
17	Johns Hopkins University	United States	94.8	64.7	100	98.1	69.7	81.8	89.3
18	University of Pennsylvania	United States	97.4	96.5	100	51.1	64.2	72.9	89
19	University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom	99.2	95	87.6	95.3	99.1	61.7	88.9
20	Columbia University	United States	99.9	99.2	100	37.8	93.7	60.5	88.6

2017 QS World University Rankings 2017

On June 8, 2017, the British QS Global Education Group released the 2018 QS World University Rankings, of which 12 Chinese universities were selected into the World Top 100, becoming the Asian country with the most top 100 universities in the world on the list. ^[40]

The top 10 universities are from European and American countries, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Harvard University, California Institute of Technology, Cambridge University, Oxford University, University College London, Imperial College, University of Chicago, ETH Zurich.

A total of 63 colleges and universities in China have been selected for this list: 39 in mainland China, 7 in Hong Kong, 1 in Macau, and 16 in Taiwan. There are 6 universities in mainland China among the top 100 in the world, including Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, and University of Science and Technology of China. ^[41]

2018 QS World University Rankings 2018

On June 7, 2018, the official website of QS (Quacquarelli Symonds) World University announced the 2019 QS World University Rankings. Globally, MIT has been ranked number one in the world for seven consecutive years. There are 11 Chinese universities in China in the top 100 in the world, the largest number in Asia, second only to the United States and the United Kingdom. Tsinghua University, which ranked highest, broke into the top 20 for the first time, ranking 17th. ^[42]

The highest ranking in mainland China is Tsinghua University, rising from 25th in 2017 to 17th. It became the first Chinese university ranked in the top 20 in the world after the new ranking algorithm was adopted by QS in 2015. The Chinese are familiar with the "Resumption of Relations in Qingbei", and Peking University followed Tsinghua University, ranking 30th in the world, an increase of 8 from 2017. Fudan University ranked 40th and Shanghai Jiaotong University ranked 62nd. Among the top 100 schools are Zhejiang University and University of Science and Technology of China, which are ranked 87th and 97th respectively. Nineteen of these universities have increased their rankings, 11 have fallen in the rankings, another nine have remained stable, and one has entered the list.

In Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, the University of Hong Kong rose one place, ranking 25th in the world and fifth in Asia. In addition, the rankings of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the Chinese University of Hong Kong have fallen slightly, but they still rank among the top 50 in the world. The best place in China's Taiwan region is Taiwan University, which ranked 72, an increase of 4 places from 2017. The University of Macau ranks 443 globally, up 72 places. ^[9]

2019 QS World University Rankings 2019

On June 19, 2019, Quacquarelli Symonds, an international higher education information agency, announced the 2020 QS World University Rankings. The top three in the world continue to be dominated by U.S. colleges and universities, and their rankings remain unchanged. MIT has held the top spot for eight consecutive years, followed by Stanford University and Harvard University. The National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University both tied for "Asia's No. 1" and ranked 11th in the world; Tsinghua University in Mainland China, after entering the world's top 20 for the first time in 2018, was promoted from 17th to 2019, ranking 16th. ^[43]

Hong Kong's number one is the University of Hong Kong, ranking 25th in the world as in 2018. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the Chinese University of Hong Kong ranked 32nd and 46th, respectively, and ranked at the top 50. The City University of Hong Kong has not yet returned to the top 50 in 2019, ranking 52nd; the 2018 Hong Kong Polytechnic University, which fell out of the top 100, returned to the top 100 rankings in 2019 with the highest ranking ever. ^[44]