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A strategy for disease prevention, corresponding to individual prevention, is referred to as "group prevention." Colony prevention refers to the prevention of disease in the entire population, including healthy people. Mainly through improving the social environment and eliminating potential risk factors, the goal of maintaining health and preventing diseases is achieved.

Group prevention

Right!

A strategy for disease prevention, corresponding to individual prevention, is referred to as "group prevention." Colony prevention refers to the prevention of disease in the entire population, including healthy people. Mainly through improving the social environment and eliminating potential risk factors, the goal of maintaining health and preventing diseases is achieved.

Chinese name

Group prevention

Implementation Strategy

The prevention of the entire population and the prediction of the key population

Definition

Refers to the entire population, including healthy people

English

(colonyprevention)

Prevention of infectious diseases

Since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, mankind has accumulated experience in defeating severe infectious diseases such as smallpox, cholera, plague, and diphtheria, and has mastered a comprehensive system of group prevention methods. According to statistics, the total incidence of legal infectious diseases in China was 20,000 people per 100,000 in 1950, 2079 people per 100,000 in 1980, and 352 people per 100,000 in 2006. After the global eradication of smallpox and polio, measles, rabies, tuberculosis, and leprosy are listed as infectious diseases expected to be eradicated globally. Nevertheless, strengthening group prevention and controlling the prevalence and spread of acute and chronic infectious diseases among the population is still the focus of China's current health work:

1. Infectious diseases are still one of the important causes of illness and death in some countries, especially in rural areas. For example, in 1999, the death toll data based on the cause of death, gender and mortality ranks, infectious diseases still account for 1/6 of the total deaths in the world.

2. The incidence of some controlled infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, and viral hepatitis is on the rise.

3. In recent years, some new human infectious diseases and pathogens have been discovered, such as AIDS and HIV virus, Ebola hemorrhagic fever and virus, mad cow disease, infectious atypical pneumonia and mutant coronavirus, and human infection with highly pathogenic bird flu Wait. Take China as an example. In recent years, AIDS has been growing rapidly. The outbreak of infectious atypical pneumonia (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS) in early 2003 spread to more than ten countries and regions. The number of cases in China alone reached 5,400.

The prevention of infectious diseases still has a long way to go, and the role of group prevention in disease prevention should be further deepened.

Public strategies to increase health

With the advancement of society and the development of science and technology, group prevention is not limited to the prevention of diseases, but needs to promote health and improve the quality of life through group prevention.

1. Since the 1970s, in order to improve social health, most countries have adopted primary health care. Global health strategies have played a greater and more influential role in people's lives than ever before. The average life expectancy in the world has risen from 48 years in 1950 to 66 years in 1999; the incidence of infectious diseases has fallen in many countries, and perinatal and maternal mortality rates have decreased significantly. Great progress has been made in group preventive health care. However, due to the uneven economic development of various countries, the original target was not achieved on schedule globally in 2000. For example, the average life expectancy of 53 countries accounting for 13% of the global population is less than 60 years; infant mortality in underdeveloped countries is still higher than 50%; deaths from infectious diseases, perinatal diseases and nutritional diseases still account for the total death 42.8%; total health care expenditure in many countries still accounts for less than 5% of GDP.

2. Many governments have insufficient political commitment to implement health care for all, fail to achieve equity in primary health care, and women's status continues to fall; social and economic development is slow, national governments have difficulties in health coordination, and human resources are distributed Imbalances and weak support; generally insufficient health promotion activities, weak health information systems and lack of basic data; poor environmental pollution, food safety, lack of safe drinking water supply and sanitation facilities; aging population and rapidly changing disease patterns; Natural and man-made disasters pose threats to health.

Facing the new political, economic, social and environmental conditions of the world, the 5lst World Health Assembly in 1998 reviewed and approved the health strategy of "Health care for all in the 21st century" proposed by WHO. The general goals of health care for all in the 21st century are stated: Increase the life expectancy and quality of life of all people. Improve health equity between and within countries. Enable all people to take advantage of the services provided by sustainable health systems.

Therefore, the 21st century is also an important period for the development of preventive medicine. In addition to continuing to do a good job of preventing infectious diseases, we must clearly understand that the peak of chronic non-communicable diseases is coming. The practice of developed western countries shows that the cost of treating chronic non-communicable diseases is huge, but the benefits are minimal. Most countries have switched to preventive strategies, with obvious results and successful experiences. The prevention of the entire population and the prevention of key populations cost much less than treatment, which can greatly reduce the incidence of chronic diseases.

Group prevention includes two aspects, namely prevention of the entire population and prevention of key populations.

Implementing group prevention in the community generally provides residents with comprehensive preventive measures and measures, including

1. Disease prevention, such as the prevention of acute and chronic infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases, the community may sequentially include preventive health plans according to their own conditions, the severity of the disease, and the feasibility of implementing preventive measures.

2. Reduce health hazards such as improving labor and room environmental hygiene, supplying safe drinking water, controlling occupational hazards, preventing accidental injuries, preventing foodborne diseases, drug dependence, drug abuse, chemical and physical pollution of room decoration, daily necessities And cosmetic pollution.

3 Health education and health promotion foster a good lifestyle, such as vigorously improving women's health, child and adolescent health, elderly health care, no smoking, no alcohol, reasonable diet, scientific physical exercise, etc.