What Is a Coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are systematically classified as Coronaviridae (Coronaviridae). Coronavirus is a positive-stranded single-stranded RNA virus with an envelope of about 80-120 nm in diameter. Its genetic material is the largest of all RNA viruses and only infects humans, mice, pigs, cats, dogs, and poultry. vertebrate. A variant of the coronavirus is the pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia and belongs to the RNA virus. Coronavirus was first isolated from chickens in 1937. The diameter of the virus particles is 60-200nm, with an average diameter of 100nm. It is spherical or oval and has polymorphism. The virus has an envelope, and there are spinous processes on the envelope. The entire virus looks like a corona, and the spinous processes of different coronaviruses are significantly different. Tubular inclusions are sometimes seen in coronavirus-infected cells.

Coronaviruses were isolated in 1965, but their current understanding is quite limited. However, 50% of children aged 5-9 can detect neutralizing antibodies, 70% of adults are positive for neutralizing antibodies and rhinovirus was discovered in the 1950s. People first found

Coronaviruses belong to the order Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, and Coronavirus. They are important pathogens in many livestock and pets, including humans, and cause a variety of acute and chronic diseases. The ninth report of the International Committee on Classification of Virology divided the Coronaviridae into three genera, namely, alpha, beta, and gamma. Coronavirus alpha includes Coronavirus alpha1, human coronavirus 229E, human coronavirus NL63, long-winged bat coronavirus HPU1, long-winged bat coronavirus HPU8, chrysanthemum bat coronavirus HPU2, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (Porcineepidemicdiarrheavirus, PEDV) and other eight species. Porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus (Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), canine corona virus (CCoV) and feline corona virus (FCoV) are members of alpha coronavirus 1). Coronavirus includes 7 species including coronavirus 1, human coronavirus HPU1, murine coronavirus, domestic bat coronavirus HPU5, fruit bat coronavirus HPU9, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (severeacuterespiratorysyndromes, SARS). Beta coronavirus 1 includes bovine coronavirus (BCoV), human coronavirus OC43, equine coronavirus (ECoV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PEV), and canine respiratory coronavirus (Caninerespiratorycoronavirus, CrCoV), etc .; mouse coronaviruses include Mouse Hepatitis virus (MHV), rat coronavirus and bird puffin virus; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -related viruses include SARS virus and other similar SARS viruses.

The gamma genus coronavirus includes two species of avian coronavirus and beluga coronavirus SW1. Avian coronaviruses include coronaviruses that cause infections in a variety of birds such as chickens, turkeys, sparrows, ducks, geese, and pigeons, the most important of which is the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Recently (2011), the Virus Classification Committee announced online that according to the genetic evolution analysis of the coronavirus gene, a new genera of the Coronaviridae family- genera ^[2]

Coronavirus infections are distributed in many regions of the world. The virus has been found in China, as well as in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, Russia, Finland, and India. The infection caused by the virus occurs mainly in winter and early spring. In the U.S

Coronavirus is excreted through respiratory secretions, oral fluid,

Specific prevention of its prevention, that is, targeted preventive measures (

Coronal

Coronavirus is one of the main pathogens of the common cold in adults and can cause it in children

Coronavirus and SARS

WHO releases new virus defense guidelines calls for similar cases to be reported

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important causes of cat death, from 3 months to 3 years of age cats and cats older than 10 years of age, especially in those purebred cats and other numbers and varieties that are kept together Domestic cat. Feline coronavirus FeCV (Feline enteric Coronavirus) is a highly infectious virus and prefers to occur in a large number and variety of domestic cats. FeCV poses a great danger to cats, and FeCV positive is often considered a prelude to FIP. The most fundamental way to control cat FIP is to prevent and control FeCV. FeCV is one of the extensive feline coronaviruses (Feline Coronavirus (FCoV)). The presence of FeCV antibodies only indicates the possibility of the presence of FeCV virus and / or infection with FIP. A positive result for FeCV antibodies does not necessarily mean that the cat has FeCV virus and / or FIP infection, and should be judged in conjunction with other clinical symptoms. However, negative results may indicate no FeCV virus and / or FIP infection.

The wells of the microtiter plate are coated with purified coronavirus antigen. Protein A extracted from Staphylococcus aureus is combined with HRP to form a complex. Serum or plasma samples are incubated with protein A enzyme markers in wells of the microplate. If FCoV antibodies are present in the cat sample, the antibodies will bind to the antigen in the wells and then to the protein A enzyme label. The excess enzyme-labeled protein A was washed away and a chromogenic substrate was added. A clear blue color indicates the presence of FCoV antibodies, and no color change indicates no FCoV antibodies. The kit has high specificity and sensitivity, simple operation, and the results can be known within 30 minutes. The kit includes positive quality control and negative quality control. Just by comparing the color with the negative quality control with the naked eye, you can accurately determine the presence of FCoV antibodies in the sample.

sample

1ul serum or plasma is required, only cat samples can be tested. Samples can be stored at 2-8C for 7 days. If longer storage is required, samples can be stored at -20C. Severe erythrocyte lysis or lipolysis can produce disturbing colors, so try to get better quality samples.

Prepare washing liquid

Allow the wash concentrate to reach room temperature and mix gently by inversion. Dilute the washing concentrate with distilled or deionized water (1 part of the washing concentrate is added to 9 parts of water). The diluted washing solution can be stored at 2-7C.

result

a. The validity of the test must be: the liquid in the positive control well is clear blue, while the liquid in the negative control well remains clear. b. If the color of the sample well is much darker than that of the negative control well, it indicates that the animal was previously or currently infected with FCoV, and the virus may be transmitted through excreta. This needs to be combined with other clinical data to confirm the diagnosis of FIP. c. If there is no color change in the sample well, it means that there is no FIP infection.

Kit components

The following contents are included in the kit: Coated microtiter plate 8x12 wells Positive control serum 1.5ml Negative control serum 7.0ml Protein A HRP marker 5.0ml TMB 7.0ml Substrate buffer 7.0ml ml

Precautions

* Regenerate the kit to room temperature (21-25C) before use. * Use different sampler heads for different samples. * Do not expose the kit to direct sunlight. Follow steps, improper washing or reagent contamination will produce non-specific colors

Preservation and stability

Store the kit and diluted washing solution at 2-7C. Do not freeze. As long as the storage conditions are appropriate, the reagents are stable during the expiration date.