What Is an Abdominal Pregnancy?

The gestation period refers to the physiological period from conception to childbirth. It is a physiological term, also known as pregnancy. It usually takes about 266 days from fertilization of mature eggs to fetal delivery. For ease of calculation, pregnancy is usually calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. Full-term pregnancy is approximately 280 days (40 weeks). During pregnancy, the mother's metabolism, digestive system, respiratory system, vascular system, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system, bone and joint ligaments, and breasts all have corresponding changes.

Basic Information

nickname

pregnancy

English name

trimester of pregnancy

Visiting department

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Common symptoms

Menopause, lethargy, changes in reproductive organs, etc.

Stage of pregnancy

Early pregnancy

(1) symptoms and signs

1) Menopause: A woman of childbearing age with a history of sexual life who has a menstrual period of 10 days or more should be suspected of being pregnant. Menopause may be the earliest and most important symptom of pregnancy. But note that menopause is not necessarily pregnancy.

2) Early pregnancy response: About half of women experience chills, dizziness, fatigue, lethargy, salivation, loss of appetite, acidity or aversion to greasiness, nausea, morning vomiting and other symptoms, which is called early pregnancy reaction. Usually disappears around 12 weeks of pregnancy.

3) Frequent urination: Frequent urination occurs in early pregnancy, which is caused by the increased forward tilt of the uterus to compress the bladder in the pelvic cavity. After about 12 weeks of gestation, when the uterine body enters the abdominal cavity and no longer compresses the bladder, the frequent urination symptoms disappear naturally.

4) Changes in breasts: Breasts have gradually increased since 8 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnant women are conscious of mild breast tenderness and nipple pain. Examination shows that the nipple and the surrounding skin (areola) are deepened in coloration, and there are monte nodules around the areola.

5) Changes in reproductive organs: A vaginal speculum examination at 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy showed that the vaginal wall and cervix were congested, showing a purple-blue color. As the pregnancy progresses, the uterine body becomes enlarged and softened. When the uterine floor extends beyond the pelvic cavity, it can be touched above the pubic symphysis.

(2) Auxiliary inspection

1) Pregnancy test: Blood and urine HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) positive can help diagnose early pregnancy. However, a positive pregnancy test should not be used as the sole diagnostic basis, as false positives sometimes occur. In addition, blood and urine HCG tests were also positive in ectopic pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. Therefore, medical history, physical signs and ultrasound results should be combined to avoid misdiagnosis.

2) Ultrasound examination: B-mode ultrasound imaging is a fast and accurate method for examining early pregnancy. The main purpose is to exclude ectopic pregnancy and assess the gestational week. In the enlarged outline of the uterus, a circular halo from the amniotic sac is seen. Pregnancy rings can be seen as early as 5 weeks of pregnancy. If you see rhythmic fetal heartbeat and fetal movement in the pregnancy ring, it can be diagnosed as early pregnancy and live birth.

3) Doppler: after 12 weeks in the enlarged uterine region, a rhythmic, single high-profile fetal heart sound can be heard with the Doppler, which can be diagnosed as early pregnancy and a live birth.

4) Basal body temperature measurement: For women with biphasic body temperature, the high-temperature phase does not decrease for several days, and the possibility of early pregnancy is high. However, the basal body temperature curve can only reflect the corpus luteum function, not the embryo.

2. Middle and late pregnancy

After the second trimester, the uterus is significantly enlarged, can reach the fetal body, feel fetal movement, and hear fetal heart sounds. Easy to diagnose.

(1) symptoms and signs

1) Uterus enlargement: The uterus increases gradually with the progress of pregnancy. When examining the abdomen, measuring the height of the uterine floor by hand and the length of the suprapubic uterus based on a ruler can help determine the number of weeks of pregnancy. The height of the uterine floor varies depending on the umbilical distance, fetal development, amniotic fluid volume, single or multiple births, etc. in pregnant women.

2) Fetal movement: It is one of the manifestations of good fetal condition. Pregnant women begin to consciously fetal movement around 20 weeks of pregnancy. The more gestational weeks, the more active the fetal movement, but the fetal movement is slightly reduced to the end of pregnancy. The average fetal movement is> 3 times per hour.

3) Fetal heart sound: The diagnosis of a live fetus is heard when the fetal heart sound is heard. Fetal heart sounds seem to be 110 to 160 times per minute. Listening to fetal heart sounds should be distinguished from uterine murmurs, abdominal aortic sounds, fetal movements, and umbilical and placental murmurs.

4) Fetal body: After 20 weeks of pregnancy, the fetal body can be touched through the abdominal wall. The fetal head is round and hard. There is a floating ball feeling; the fetal back is wide and flat; the fetal hips are wide and soft with a slightly irregular shape; the fetal limbs are small and have irregular movements.

(2) Auxiliary inspection

1) Ultrasound examination: B-mode ultrasound imaging can not only display the number of fetuses, fetal birth pattern, fetal exposure, fetal orientation, presence or absence of fetal heartbeat, and placental position, but also can measure multiple diameters such as the double top diameter And can observe the fetal surface deformity. Ultrasound Doppler can detect fetal heart sounds, fetal movements, umbilical cord blood flow sounds and placental blood flow sounds.

2) Umbilical blood flow monitoring: It is one of the important methods to determine whether the fetus is distressed.

3) Fetal ECG: At present, the indirect method for detecting fetal ECG is commonly used in China, and the success rate is higher after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

4) Fetal heart monitoring: It is one of the important methods to determine whether the fetus is distressed. There are three types of NST (No Stress Test), OCT (Oxytocin Stimulation Test) or CST (Contractive Stress Test) tests, which are divided into reactive and non-responding and suspicious results based on monitoring data. Can be used repeatedly.