What is an immunooelectrophoresis?
Immunoelectrophoresis is a type of laboratory test used to identify certain protein molecules produced by the immune system. The test uses an electric charge to separate the molecules by applying an electric current to a gel containing a sample. The presence of an individual protein is then identified by using an antigen specific to the molecule. The test is used to diagnose various diseases such as multiple myeloma, hepatitis and leukemia.
Immunoelectrophoresis is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease procedure, as some diseases cause antibody proteins called immunoglobulins, rise or decrease. Immunoglobulins generally tested on immunoglobulin and (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). These molecules form most of the immunoglobulins in the serum serum.
immunoglobulin and plays an important role in preventing infection through the gastrointestinal tract, mouth and respiratory system, but is also present in the blood. Immunoglobulin m is the initial reaction of the immune system to the exposure of antigen and IGM levels are affected by vaccination and infections such as hepatitis. IGM is also responsible for differences in the blood group ABO. IGG is the most common of immunoglobulins and is produced when the body is exposed to previously recognized antigen; That is why recent vaccinations can affect IGM and IgG immuno -electrophoresenation tests.
The test gels of immunooelectrophoresis are maintained under electricity for a certain period of time depending on the tester of the test material used. Antigens are added to the gel to individual immunoglobulins. The gel is then washed to remove the free, unrestrained protein and stain the stain specific to the protein. The areas in which the antigens bind are visually identifiable after the stain has been allowed to work for a specified time. When the sample test is compared with a control famous known level of protein, the gameBé estimate of immunoglobulin levels.
One of the advantages of the test is that it can be used to identify monoclonal and polyclonal gamopathies. Monoclonal gamopathy is a state of illness in which the disease is influenced by a single type of immunoglobulin. Polyclonal gamopathy occurs when the disease causes changes in the levels of two or more immunoglobulins.
Immunoelectrophoresis is performed after another test, protein electrophoresis, indicates abnormal levels of immunoglobulins in blood serum or urine samples. The immunoelectrophorese test is more specific than the protein electrophoresen test and can identify specific immunoglobulins. The disadvantage of immunooelectrophoresis is that the results cannot identify the exact level of IG molecules in the sample, so as a more sensitive alternative can be used further procedure, immunofixation.