What Is Immunogenetics?
The fringe disciplines of immunology and genetics mainly study the genetic basis of the structure and function of the immune system such as immune response and antibody diversity. In addition, immunological methods are also used to identify genetic differences between individuals (such as blood types, surface antigens, etc.) as indicators of genetic regularity analysis. Immune genetics is one of the important theoretical foundations of clinical practice in modern medicine. It is the theoretical basis of blood transfusion, organ transplantation, fetal-maternal incompatibility and paternity testing.
Immunogenetics
(Subject)
- Chinese name
- Immunogenetics
- Content
- Immunology and genetics
- Affiliation
- Subject
- Medical scientist
- K. Landsteiner
- The fringe disciplines of immunology and genetics mainly study the genetic basis of the structure and function of the immune system such as immune response and antibody diversity. In addition, immunological methods are also used to identify genetic differences between individuals (such as blood types, surface antigens, etc.) as indicators of genetic regularity analysis. Immune genetics is one of the important theoretical foundations of clinical practice in modern medicine. It is the theoretical basis of blood transfusion, organ transplantation, fetal-maternal incompatibility and paternity testing.
- 1900 1902
- Erythrocyte antigen
- see
- As early as 1938, PA Gore et al. Found that the ability of different inbred mice to produce antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides was very different. Later, someone used artificially synthesized peptides as antigens and got the same results. This difference is genetic. Immune response genes (Ir) control the degree to which an individual is immune to an antigen. For example, mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide. H-2 system q homozygous mice (Irq / Irq) are highly responsive strains and can produce more antibodies. Responding strains produced fewer antibodies. Their hybrid offspring (Irq / Irs) are identical to the q homozygous parent and are also highly responsive. The hybrid offspring were backcrossed with the s pure line parent. Half of the backcross offspring were highly responsive and half were low responsive. This fact indicates that the immune response is controlled by a pair of genes, the high response is dominant and the low response is recessive. Mice have several Ir genes, and sometimes the immune response to one antigen can be controlled by two Ir genes simultaneously. The human body's response to the lgE antibody produced by the yarrow allergen is also controlled by the Ir gene linked to HLA. Ir genes are also found in chickens, rats, dogs, monkeys and other animals. In addition to the above three aspects, the inheritance of complement and the inheritance of interferon also belong to the scope of immunogenetics research.