What Is Left Ventricular Function?

One of the four chambers of the heart, located below and to the left and right of the right ventricle. Approximately conical, the left ventricular wall is about three times thicker than the right ventricle. The left ventricle is divided into an inflow tract and an outflow tract. The inflow tract is the chamber from the left atrioventricular opening to the apex of the heart, and a mitral valve is attached to the fibrous ring around the left atrioventricular opening. The outflow tract is a section of the left ventricle from the apex to the aortic opening, also known as the aortic vestibule. The outlet of the outflow tract is the aortic orifice, and three half-moon-shaped valves are attached to the fibrous ring around the mouth, which is called the aortic valve. The lumen between the valve and the arterial wall is called the aortic sinus. Can be divided into left, right and back three sinuses. The left and right sinus arteries have openings in the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. When the ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes, the aortic valve opens, and blood flows into the aorta. When the ventricle dilates, the aortic valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricle, while the mitral valve opens, allowing blood from the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle.

One of the four chambers of the heart, located below and to the left and right of the right ventricle. Approximately conical, the left ventricular wall is about three times thicker than the right ventricle. The left ventricle is divided into an inflow tract and an outflow tract. The inflow tract is the chamber from the left atrioventricular opening to the apex of the heart, and a mitral valve is attached to the fibrous ring around the left atrioventricular opening. The outflow tract is a section of the left ventricle from the apex to the aortic opening, also known as the aortic vestibule. The outlet of the outflow tract is the aortic orifice, and three half-moon-shaped valves are attached to the fibrous ring around the mouth, which is called the aortic valve. The lumen between the valve and the arterial wall is called the aortic sinus. Can be divided into left, right and back three sinuses. The left and right sinus arteries have openings in the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. When the ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes, the aortic valve opens, and blood flows into the aorta. When the ventricle dilates, the aortic valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricle, while the mitral valve opens, allowing blood from the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle.

Chinese name

Left ventricle

Exterior

, The shape of the left ventricle is longer

Internal structure

Inflow and outflow channels

Internal structure

From the age of young people

Left ventricular anatomy:

1. Left ventricle:

The left ventricle is located in the left rear of the right ventricle and in front of the left atrium. The wall is the thickest, about 9 to 12 millimeters, which is 2 to 3 times the right ventricle. To meet the needs of left ventricular function, the chamber has a conical shape with the bottom upward and the tip pointing forward and downward left. The left ventricle is divided into an inflow tract and an outflow tract by the anterior mitral valve.

The inflow tract is the main part of the left ventricle, and there are also meat columns and papillary muscles on the inside, which are usually anterior and posterior, which are larger than the right ventricle. The entrance of the inflow tract is the left atrioventricular port. At the anterior and posterior edges of the port, there are two approximately triangular valves, called the mitral valve. The bottom of each valve is attached to the fibrous annulus at the periphery of the left atrioventricular opening, and its apex or free edge is also connected to the two papillary muscles by the tendon. Its effect is the same as that of the tricuspid valve.

The outflow tract is the anterior medial portion of the left ventricle, called the aortic vestibule, and its inner surface is smooth and meatless. The outlet of the outflow tract is the aortic port, and the periphery of the port is also attached with three half-moon-shaped valves, called aortic valves, which have the same structure and function as the pulmonary valve. The aortic wall corresponding to the valve bulges outward. The cavity between the aortic valve and the aortic wall is called the aortic sinus.

2. Heart:

The heart is mainly composed of the heart muscle and is the center of the circulatory system. Its contraction and relaxation are the driving force for promoting blood circulation. Its anatomical and physiological characteristics are: Heart wall: divided into 3 layers, the inner layer is endocardium, which is composed of endothelial cells and connective tissue; the middle layer is the myocardium, the thickest; the outer layer It is the epicardium, that is, the visceral layer (inner layer) of the pericardium. There is a pericardial cavity between the pericardial wall (outer layer) and a small amount of serum. Myocardium and cardiac cavity: The heart is divided into four cavities, left and right atrium and ventricle, by the myocardium. The myocardium, which forms the atrium, is thin with two layers of muscle fibers. The superficial layer surrounds the left and right atria along the transverse diameter of the atrium and penetrates into the atrial septum; the deep layer surrounds the left and right atria respectively. The myocardium forming the ventricle is thicker, the left ventricle is thicker, and there are two layers of deep and shallow fibers, staggered to suit the heart's bleeding. When all muscle fibers contract at the same time, the inner diameter of the heart shrinks, pressure increases, and blood is injected into the blood vessels. When the heart is contracted, the papillary muscles are shortened, the chordae are tightened, and the atrioventricular valve is not flushed because of the increased pressure in the ventricular cavity, ensuring that blood flows forward in one direction. The myocardium and aorta and pulmonary arteries that make up the atrium and ventricle are attached to the central fiber scaffold of the heart. This stent consists of four thick connective tissue rings (located around the left and right atrioventricular and aortic and pulmonary arterial orifices), two The fiber triangle (located on the left and right sides between the left atrioventricular opening and the aortic opening) is connected with the funnel tendon. Pacing and conduction system: It consists of special myocardial cells, including the nodal node, the interstitial bundle, the interstitial bundle, the atrioventricular node, the atrioventricular bundle, the left and right bundle branches and their branches, and the Purkinje fiber network, which are the heart's impulse. The structure that quickly transmits the impulse to the common myocardium excites and contracts. This system can send impulses on time and is the material basis of the heart's autonomy. The sinoatrial node has the strongest autonomy and contains the most pacing cells. Blood supply to the heart: The left and right coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply the heart with nutrition. They originate from the left and right aortic sinuses at the root of the aorta. The large branches are distributed on the surface of the myocardium, and the small branches enter the myocardium and are collected by the capillary network. The heart veins eventually form a coronary sinus and enter the right atrium.

The left ventricle's mind structure:

The left ventricle is a horizontal flat cone that lies below and to the left and right of the right ventricle. There are front, back and cymbal 3 walls. The anterior and posterior walls are succulent and their bases are atrioventricular and aortic openings. The wall thickness of the chamber is 9-12mm. The workload of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right ventricle, so the left ventricular wall is much thicker than the right ventricular wall, which is about three times the right ventricular wall. The anterior wall of the left ventricle is a surgical wall with a triangular shape. The anterior boundary of the triangle is the anterior interventricular groove. The left boundary is the left marginal artery. Papillary muscles. The surface of the anterior papillary muscle is projected from the apex to the midpoint of the atrioventricular sulcus, at the two transverse fingers on the left side of the anterior ventricular sulcus. The projection area is circular with a diameter of 12-20mm. The left incision from the papillary muscle leads to the mitral valve device, while the right incision leads to the aortic canal. The left ventricle is divided into the inflow tract and the outflow tract according to function, with the anterior mitral valve as the boundary. The entrance to the inflow tract is the left atrium ventricle, which has an average circumference of 10 cm and can hold about 2 to 3 fingertips. Anterior and posterior mitral valves are attached to the fibrous ring around the mouth. The anterior valve is larger, located on the anterolateral side, bounded between the left atrium ventricle and the aortic opening; the posterior valve is smaller, located on the posterolateral side. The inner and outer ends of the two leaflets are fused to each other, which is called anterolateral and posteromedial commissures. The free edges of the leaflets have tendons attached to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles. Below the anterior medial aortic opening of the left ventricle, the wall is smooth without meat columns, lacking stretchability and contractility, and is the left ventricular outflow tract, also known as the aortic vestibule. The posterolateral border is the anterior mitral valve, and the anterior medial border is the ventricle. At intervals, the exit is the aortic opening. Around the aortic orifice are three posterior, left, and right half-moon valves, called aortic valves. The inner cavity between the valve and the ascending wall of the aorta forms the aortic sinus, which can be divided into three sinuses: left, right, and posterior.