What is the history of immunology?
The history of immunology can be traced in written records up to 5 th century BC in Greece, where evidence of individuals who recovered from the plague and then were otherwise immune. The Greek historian Thucydides, who lived from 460 to 400 BC, is credited first by documenting this discovery. Several experimental methods of immunization of people have been carried out in the history of immunology from this point further by cultures in such distant places as China and the Ottoman Empire until the end of 18 years. Modern history of immunology begins since this point in 1796, when an English doctor named Edward Jenner developed the first reliable vaccination method for smallpox.
The use of immunology is aimed at inoculating individuals by implanting the weakened form of the disease in the body to stimulate long -term resistance and the natural immune response to it. In this respect, one of the most widespread and systemEmatic incidents in the history of immunology can be found in 10
th in China. Pox was widespread at that time in China and the process of variation was used for treatment. Varolation concerns specifically a scar that smallpox creates on the skin surface, and Chinese practice included the takeover of material from smallpox lesions and healthy people inhalation or implantation under the skin to stimulate the immune response. The same practice was accepted in 1670 by the Ottoman Empire, but due to its lack of standardization variation, it sometimes failed to protect a healthy individual or ended with giving him the disease of the smallpox.
from the Ottoman Empire, immunological training was accepted by England through the wife of the English ambassador to Ottomans, Lady Mary Wortley Montague. She was infected with smallpox, but surviving the disease and became a proposer for variation. In 1718, she ordered doctors to use it to protect her son and later her daughter in the English presence.
English crownsAnd later she experimented with prisoners with the process and they survived, so the practice spread around the British Isles at the beginning of the 17th century and crossed the Atlantic until 1740 and was used in America. The English farmer Benjamin Jesy and English scientist Edward Jenner improved this process between 1774 and 1796 using the Cowpox virus, which was not harmful to people. This related virus served to inoculate individuals against smallpox, with the history of immunology to be taken into a phase where people's treatment was safe and widely effective.
Immunology types have evolved from this moment for other diseases. The history of immunology includes work in 1875 by Robert Koch, a rural German physician seeking treatment of tuberculosis. The moment of the river basin in the history of immunology is considered to be 1878, when French chemist Louis Pasteur confirmed the theory of bacteria and their causal context in human diseases. Pasteur is attributed to the development of vaccines for rabies and anthrax, as well as the improvement of the process yougroping and rapid cooling to sterilize milk and wine that became known as pasteurization.
Immunological training and spreading knowledge is considered to be a key element of civilization development, especially in the case of smallpox. It is known that smallpox ravage of the human population from 10,000 BC in northeast Africa, spreads from there to Egypt and China around 1,000 BC and to Japan from 500 NL. The history of immunology monitors the spread of smallpox when it has reached the European mainland between 400 and 600 NL, which absorbs the entire continent of 1500 NL. During the 17th century, at least 400,000 people have been killed by smallpox around the world.
History of Immuval nologo followed directly on the heels of Western civilization, which suffered huge losses from large diseases such as smallpox and black plague. This infectious disease is assumed overall to hold progress in society. Since 2010, however, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2,500,000 lives are saved every year by immunization. I will include thatIt is protection from diseases such as diptery, black cough and tetanus.