How Do Elevators Work?

Elevator is a kind of special equipment with high technical content. The normal operation of elevator is closely connected with people's quality of life. Elevator operations are even more important. Elevator operations include elevator operation management, equipment management, safety management, and business management.

Elevator operation

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Elevator is a kind of special equipment with high technical content. The normal operation of elevator is closely connected with people's quality of life. Elevator operations are even more important. Elevator operations include elevator operation management, equipment management, safety management, and business management.

Elevator is a kind of special equipment with high technical content. The normal operation of elevator is closely connected with people's quality of life. Elevator management is more important. Elevator management includes elevator operation management, equipment management, safety management and business management.

Elevator Management Organization

The property management enterprise shall set up a special organization (elevator management section or group) to centralize and professionally manage the operation and maintenance of the elevators under its management, which is conducive to improving service levels and operating efficiency.

Elevator operation management content

The contents of elevator operation management mainly include: (1) formulating a reasonable operating system; (2) formulating service specifications.

Principles of establishing elevator operation system

There are two main principles for the establishment of the elevator operation system: (l) ensuring good service for all owners (users); (2) according to the type of building, passenger flow, and service target, it should be based on economy while serving well the rules.

Type of elevator operation system

The 24-hour elevator continuous operation system can be divided into the following types; (I) single elevator. 24 hours operation, night duty (ie the driver is not in the car, on call or scheduled to open the elevator in the duty room). (2) Double ladders in parallel and double ladders in high passages. According to the design, the passenger flow should be operated simultaneously for the two elevators. However, one 24-hour system and one 18-hour system can be implemented, that is, there is only one elevator on duty at night to ensure that the elevator can be operated at any time throughout the day. (3) Three elevators have access elevators; one 24-hour system and two 18-hour systems are implemented. During the day, three elevators operate at the same time, and at night only one of them operates on duty.

Operating report system

In order to grasp the operation status of the elevator, ensure the safe operation of the elevator, and do a good job in operation, a system for filling in operation records and reports should be established.

Elevator operation records

This form is a record of the operation of the elevator, which is completed by the driver every day, in duplicate.

Elevator Repair Order

Elevator repair order refers to the agreement that the elevator needs to be repaired. It is also a record of the situation of the repair. It is signed by the repairman, the repairer (driver) and accepted in triplicate.

Elevator Operation Monthly Report

It is a monthly report of elevator operation, and is the basis for evaluating the elevator operation rate and failure rate of the unit (or each unit). Monthly statements are filled by statisticians.

Elevator Equipment Annual Report

It is a report of the annual operation of the elevator equipment. It mainly reflects the annual storage, type, increase and decrease of the elevator of the unit. It is the basis for evaluating the operation of the elevator of the unit. It also provides the basis for the leadership to determine the maintenance level and maintenance management.

Elevator accident monthly report

It is a table that statistics the accidents that occur during the operation of the elevator every month.

In order to ensure that the elevator equipment is good and provide high-quality services, it is necessary to pay attention to the standardized management of the elevator equipment. The main contents of the equipment management are: the takeover and acceptance of the elevator, maintenance management and technical archives management.

Importance of acceptance

Checking and accepting is an important process for the installation and transfer of equipment. Checking this barrier is of great significance for future management and use. Therefore, each elevator should be checked and accepted individually.

Takeover acceptance procedures

The takeover and acceptance process is usually divided into two stages: the first acceptance is the initial inspection, and the problems found shall be agreed upon and the re-inspection time shall be determined; the second acceptance is the re-inspection, and the re-inspection failure shall be limited to the resolution period. For the lack of land and problems that do not affect the use of the equipment, it can be concluded as a legacy problem with the construction unit to sign an agreement for warranty or compensation.

Acceptance standards and regulations

The specific technical standards for acceptance are implemented in accordance with the current national norms and standards. The main technical specifications are as follows: (1) Installation quality mechanical parts shall comply with TJ231 (IV) 78 "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Mechanical Equipment Installation Engineering; (2) Electrical parts shall comply with GBJ232-82" Code for Construction Acceptance of Electrical Installation Engineering " Regulations; (3) The product manufacturing quality shall comply with the provisions in GB7588-87 "Elevator Manufacturing and Installation Safety Regulations". The construction part of Wo shall comply with the requirements of JB1435-74 elevator and its shaft room type, basic parameters and dimensions.

Key inspection sites and basic requirements for acceptance applications

In order to ensure the quality of the elevator equipment, the following key parts should be paid attention to during acceptance inspection: (1) The traction machine runs smoothly, the vibration and noise do not exceed the standard, and the fuel tank element leaks. (2) The deviation between the gauge and verticality of the track does not exceed the standard; (3) The tension of the steel wire rope should be balanced; the car of the unstandardized car runs smoothly, the level is accurate, and the door opening noise does not exceed the standard; (5) the safety devices at all parts, the main Door locks, speed limiters, limit and limit switches need to be sensitive, accurate, and reliable; (6) Good electrical equipment grounding and qualified insulation; (7) Machine room height, top floor height, and bottom pit depth comply with standards, etc.

Elevator is a kind of frequently used equipment. In the process of operation, the main machine and various parts of the elevator are subject to different degrees of natural loss. Therefore, after a period of operation, maintenance must be performed to reduce losses, improve reliability, extend the life of the elevator, and save money.

Requirements for maintenance management

For elevator maintenance management to be carried out in a normal and orderly manner, relevant regulations and requirements must be formulated: (1) Equipped with qualified maintenance personnel with a job permit; (2) Formulating elevator maintenance procedures and maintenance plans; (3) Timing Inspection, in order to find faults and repair in time; (4) Pay attention to the management of door keys to prevent human damage.

Elevator Zero Repair

Elevator zero repair refers to daily maintenance, including urgent repairs to troubleshoot and regular academic maintenance. Routine maintenance is divided into weekly maintenance, half-year maintenance and one-year maintenance.

Weekly maintenance: Elevator weekly maintenance refers to the elevator once a week, no less than 4 hours each time.

Semi-annual maintenance: The elevator is maintained once every six months, each time is not less than 1 hour. Focus on the maintenance of key parts.

Annual maintenance: The elevator is maintained once a year, each time not less than 16 / ll. For more comprehensive inspection and maintenance.

Elevator repair

Elevator maintenance involves comprehensive maintenance after a long period of operation. The period is generally set at 3 years. However, the second cycle is an overhaul cycle. If an overhaul is required, intermediate repair can be omitted.

Elevator overhaul

Elevator overhaul refers to a comprehensive and thorough repair that will continue to run for three years after the middle repair. Due to the severe wear of the equipment, the main machine and a large number of electromechanical components need to be replaced to restore the original performance of the equipment.

Elevator special repair

Elevator special repair usually refers to some items that need to be repaired in time, such as major equipment failures or accidents, which are not within the period of medium and overhaul, and exceed the scope of zero repair, which is called special repair.

Elevator renovation

The elevator has been running continuously for more than 15 years. If the main engine and other supporting parts are severely worn and corroded and cannot be restored or replaced (the old model has been eliminated), it needs to be updated or rebuilt.

Approval of elevator maintenance works

Except for zero repairs, intermediate repairs, overhauls and renovations are classified as elevator maintenance projects. Elevator should conduct a comprehensive survey once a year, so as to formulate overhaul, medium repair, renovation and update plans. Approved for implementation by superior property management departments. After the completion of the project, the plant technical inspection department shall pass the inspection before being put into use.

Quality requirements of elevator maintenance team

Elevator is a high-tech equipment integrating machinery and electricity. Elevator maintenance is also a technology-intensive type of work. It should have clear requirements for maintenance technicians: (l) understand technical requirements, quality standards, and acceptance specifications; (2) ) Proficient in the principle and structure of elevator equipment, and familiar with the performance and drawings of the elevator.

Technical Archives Management

The management of technical archives generally refers to the management of equipment original measures and maintenance management data.

Elevator Equipment Archive

After each elevator takes over, a technical file should be established. There are: (l) Elevator acceptance documents, including acceptance records, test records, certificates of products and accessories, elevator order contracts, installation contracts, equipment installation drawings and building structure drawings. (2) Equipment registration form, which mainly records various basic parameters and performance parameters of the equipment. (3) Records of overhaul and intermediate repair projects, which include the time, frequency, and maintenance content of overhaul and intermediate repair. (4) Accident records.

Elevator Maintenance Information

Elevator maintenance information refers to some maintenance records including maintenance report, operation records, census records, and monthly operation reports.

Elevator, as a kind of transportation equipment, is inherently dangerous. Its maintenance work has the characteristics of high-altitude operation and live work, and safe work is very important. Therefore, a strict safety management system must be established.

Driver operating procedures

In order for the elevator to run safely, the driver's operation should be standardized, so it is necessary to formulate an operating specification and regulate the operating behavior. The main content of the operating procedures are operating methods, safety requirements and emergency situations.

Measures to ensure the implementation of operating procedures The operating procedures are mainly implemented by drivers, so for drivers, they must strengthen safety awareness and take certain measures, usually: (l) training for drivers; (2) pre-job training; ) Periodic assessment.

Driver training

The training of drivers mainly includes two aspects of teaching and operation. Through the lecture, the driver should have a basic understanding of the names and functions of the components of the elevator being driven, a preliminary understanding of the control drawings, and a familiarity with the performance. On this basis, operation training is performed.

Pre-job training

Drivers should go through two weeks of pre-job training before they officially take up their posts. Experienced drivers should take classes to teach them specific help so that they can master the operation procedures proficiently.

Regular assessment

The drivers shall be assessed for safety regulations semi-annually. You can take oral and written tests, and at the same time assess the actual operation. Records of the assessment results should be used as the basis or reference for evaluation and promotion.

Hold a certificate

According to the relevant government regulations, elevator operations are special operations, and elevator drivers and maintenance workers must be certified to work after a unified assessment.

Safety management of maintenance workers

Most of the casualties in elevator work are elevator maintenance workers, so the safety management of elevator maintenance workers is very important. Generally, the following main tasks should be done: (1) Formulate the "Safety Operation Regulations for Elevator Maintenance"; (2) Strictly abide by the operation regulations: (3) Insist on the post assessment and technical level assessment and provide technical training.

To keep the elevator equipment in good condition, relevant safety management measures need to be formulated. Generally, it is as follows: (1) When using elevator equipment, the reliability of these devices must be checked frequently; (2) Regular operation test and overall performance test of the safety mechanism; (3) Fireproof, waterproof and anti-theft.

Notes for travelling by elevator

To ensure the normal operation of the elevator and prevent accidents, the relevant regulations formulated for the people who take the elevator are usually called "instructions for taking the elevator" and published in the elevator room.

Driver Code

The rules that drivers should follow to ensure normal operation of elevators, improve service quality, and prevent accidents are called driver codes. For example, adhere to normal attendance, do not leave the post without permission, the elevator does not run without illness, overload, no smoking, no talk during operation.

Training of maintenance workers

In order to operate safely and insist on quality first in the maintenance process, pre-job training for maintenance workers must be conducted to familiarize maintenance personnel with basic maintenance procedures and technical standards, inspection of faults, and troubleshooting methods.

Elevator maintenance safety operation regulations

Elevator is a kind of special equipment with high technical content. Elevator maintenance workers must not only have high operation skills in the maintenance process, but also need safe operation management specifications. To this end, some units have compiled a manual on "Safety Operational Guidelines for Elevator Maintenance", which is strictly enforced by all maintenance workers.

Elevator service sign

In order to let passengers know the working condition of the elevator, the property management department should set up a uniform sign or lamp in the waiting hall, and some of them are called elevator service signs.

Management

Operating management mainly refers to the management and collection of elevator operating costs. The property management department should charge users for elevator operating costs under the principle of a reasonable burden, and reduce operating costs on the basis of strengthening accounting. At the same time, special funds are used for this purpose. cost.

Elevator Operating Fee

The expenses that must be paid to ensure the normal operation of the elevator include the salaries and bonuses of elevator drivers and maintenance workers, various management fees, electricity costs, and maintenance material costs of the elevator.

Elevator operating rate

The number of man-hours that the elevator actually operated during a certain period,

Percentage of planned operating hours. It is one of the indicators for assessing the service level of the elevator. Its calculation formula is:

Among them, the planned operating hours = calendar working days × the operating hours stipulated for each working day-elevator maintenance hours-electric cotton overhaul and intermediate repair hours.

Safety accountability

The normal and safe operation of elevators is closely related to the quality of people's lives. Property management enterprises should have a responsible leader responsible for safety management, establish a safety responsibility system, and conduct a serious and serious investigation and handling of those responsible for major personal and equipment accidents.