What are Immunosuppressive Drugs?

Immunosuppressive drugs are mainly used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation and inhibit the progress of certain autoimmune diseases.

Immunosuppressive drugs

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Immunosuppressive drugs are mainly used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation and inhibit the progress of certain autoimmune diseases.

Drug Name

Immunosuppressive drugs

Foreign name

immunosuppressive drugs

Whether prescription drugs

prescription

Main indications

Autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases

Adverse reactions

Application of cyclophosphamide in early pregnancy may cause fetal malformations

Drug type

Chemical drugs and biological agents

Including

Cyclosporine, Rapamycin, Tacrolimus

Please refer to Baidu entry

1.Glucocorticoids

2. Calcineurin inhibitors

Cyclosporin

Tacrolimus

3.Antimetabolites

Azathioprine

Methotrexate

Mercaptopurine

Mycophenolate mofetil

4, alkylating agent

Cyclophosphamide

Busulfan

Thiotepa

5.Antibodies

1. Lack of selectivity and specificity, inhibiting both normal and abnormal immune responses.

2. It has a strong inhibitory effect on the primary immune response and a weak inhibitory effect on the secondary immune response.

3. Drug action is closely related to the time of administration and the time interval and sequence of antigen stimulation.

4. Most drugs still have non-specific anti-inflammatory effects.

5. After long-term application, in addition to the unique toxicity of each drug, it is still easy to reduce the body's resistance and induce infection,

Cyclosporin (ciclosporin, cyclosporin A) is a fat-soluble cyclic undeceptide compound produced by the mold Tolypocladium inflatum. It selectively acts on the initial stage of T lymphocyte activation. Auxiliary

Commonly used are prednisone, prednisone dragon, and dexamethasone. They affect many aspects of the immune response. It mainly inhibits the phagocytosis and processing of antigens by macrophages; it also hinders DNA synthesis and mitosis of lymphocytes, destroys lymphocytes, significantly reduces the number of peripheral lymphocytes, and damages plasma cells, thereby suppressing cellular and humoral immune responses and alleviating Allergic damage to the human body.

common

Selective inhibition of T cells, in the early stage of T cell activation, has a weaker inhibitory effect on B cells.

Inhibits the production of IL-1 by macrophages.

Inhibits the expression of IL-2 receptors by antigen or mitogen-activated lymphocytes.

It has no obvious inhibitory effect on NK cells, but can indirectly affect the vitality of NK cells by interfering with the production of IFN-.

Oral absorption is fast, but incomplete absorption due to first pass elimination. The plasma concentration reached the peak in 0.5 to 3 hours, t1 / 2 was 5 to 8 hours, and the effective concentration continued for 12 hours. Mainly metabolized by the liver, the metabolites are excreted by feces.

Intravenous injections often cause neurotoxicity. In mild cases, headache, insomnia, tremor, and dull feeling can occur. In severe cases, inability to move, mutism, seizures, etc., mostly disappear after reduction or withdrawal. Renal toxicity, the drug Can directly or indirectly affect glomerular filtration and glomerular electrolyte transfer; hyperglycemia, FK506 has toxic effects on islet cells; can cause reproductive system toxicity when used in large doses.