What are peptide vaccines?
Peptides are short protein sequences. Infectious organisms causing infectious or diseases use protein for structure or virulence. Peptide vaccines use only part of the body to induce an immune response. This type of vaccine has an application for immunization against infectious organisms, allergens or even tumors.
The immune system generally recognizes proteins that are associated with a specific organism causing the disease to focus on it destruction. These recognizable proteins are called antigens. Traditional vaccines use live or killed organisms to induce the reaction of the immune system so that the body can recognize a foreign substance in the future.
peptides consist of an amino acid sequence, which are building blocks of proteins. The scientist first identifies parts of the organism, such as the flu that causes the immune system and then comes out on the antigen sequence. Then the scientist can build the same peptide with a part of this Thna antigen Antika's best immune reaction.
Vaccines evoke an immune response when immune systemic cells of the body bind to them. Peptide vaccines do not stimulate these cells exactly in the same way as a traditional vaccine. For example, a peptide vaccine does not cause a thymus cell or a T-cell as well as other vaccines. To combat this, a peptide vaccine may be linked to the support protein to improve cell interaction. The scientist can look at the way in which the receptors in the cells connect to the antigen and synthetically create a collection of peptides with slightly different sequences to tie as many cells as possible, increasing the strength of the immune response.
Peptide vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. The vaccine is only part of the infectious organism, so there is no risk of other virgin factors and reactions to other parts of the organism. Peptides are easily and cheaply produced synthetically and do not easily decompose. ProblemWith peptide vaccines, it is sometimes that the antigenicity of the target organism is on the three -dimensional structure of the antigen, which is difficult to replicate in the laboratory.
Many infectious organisms such as influenza are highly variable, so it may be necessary to regularly change the traditional vaccine to fight the current tension. Peptide vaccine can be made of stable areas of hypervariable virus to affect various mutated trunks. Peptide vaccines may also contain a number of antigenic peptides that cover the widest possible range of antigens.
Peptide vaccine also has a potential application in the regulation of immune response to allergens and autoimmune diseases in which the body accidentally attacks its own cells. Peptide vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were also studied. This type of vaccine may also have cancer -treatment applications because peptides could be designed to enter tumor cells to recognize and destroy themis.