What Are the Most Common Chicory Side Effects?

Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L. ), genus Chicory, perennial herb. Roots are fleshy and short. Stems erect, ribbed, hollow, much branched. The leaves are alternate, long and lanceolate, with head-like inflorescences, corolla tongue-shaped, and flowers blue and blue.

Herbs perennial, 40-100 cm tall. Stems erect, solitary, branching or extremely spreading, all branches and branches green, ribbed, and very sparsely long

Born in coastal wasteland, river, ditch or hillside. This species is widespread in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Born in coastal wasteland, river, ditch or hillside.

Seed treatment

7 to 10 days before sowing, place the seeds in a cool and ventilated place to air for 1 to 2 days, which can increase the germination rate, but do not expose them to concrete ground. In order to ensure the whole seedlings, the germination rate of the seeds should be measured before sowing before sowing. Generally imported chicory seeds have been treated with fungicides and can be dry-dried (red or green seeds are treated with pesticides and washed with soap after touching with hands). If it is a self-collected seed or a domestically-produced seed, it can be soaked in cold water to remove the floating surface seeds. After the sinking full seeds are out of the water, they can be sown after they are dried.

Sowing date

The planting period is from July 22 to August 5, and the best planting period is July 25 to 28. Sowing in the east of Jidong area in mid-to-late July, and in Zhangcheng area in early June. Live seeding requires 120 to 150 grams per acre. Plug seedlings are precision seeded, with a seed volume of 18-20 grams per mu, which greatly saves seed usage compared to direct seeding.

Preparation before sowing

20 to 25 days before sowing, the stubble of the previous stubble is broken with a rotary cultivator, and the more broken the better. Apply foot fertilizer, 5,000 kg per acre of high-quality manure, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate. Deep ploughing and land preparation. After spreading the bottom fertilizer on the surface, mechanical ploughing will be carried out. The ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, the land will be leveled and the stubble will be picked up. When sowing single ridges, ridges at a distance of 40 to 50 cm and ridge height of 15 to 17 cm; when sowing double ridges, ridges at a distance of 80 to 90 cm, ridge height of 12 to 15 cm, and made into ridges of 10 to 15 meters in length . The watering is even, and the watering can be drained and waterlogged.

sowing

(1) Live broadcast

Chicory is suitable for live broadcasting. The direct seeding method is ridge cultivation, and the row spacing is 40 cm, and the seed is sown on the top of the ridge. Double ridge sowing can be sown in large and small rows with a small row spacing of 30 cm. First draw a 0.5 cm deep trench with a bamboo pole. Hold the seed in your hand, twist the seed into the ditch with two fingers, and gently push it flat with the hoe.

Immediately after sowing, do not ridge or overrun. Water the plants before emergence, and water the plants after emergence. Chicory first thinning when 2 to 3 leaves, and second thinning when 4 to 5 leaves. When 7-9 leaves are fixed, the seedlings are 17 cm from single-row seeding, 19 cm from double-row seeding, and 8,500 to 10,000 seedlings are left per acre.

(2) Nursery

Nursery facilities can use small nutrient earth or plug tray nursery. 288-hole seedling trays are used to raise seedlings. The seedlings will not be scattered when they are raised, will not hurt the roots, and have a high survival rate.

Nursery substrate. You can use the disease-free garden soil as the substrate for local materials. When necessary, you can use 2 parts of peat, 1 part of vermiculite, or 1 part of peat, waste mushroom material, and vermiculite. If a 288-hole seedling tray is used, one to one acre of chicory needs 40-50 seedling trays, and 300 trays per cubic meter of substrate can be used. When preparing the substrate, add 0.7 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter of substrate, or use 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer. Urea and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were mixed with the matrix and filled into a tray for later use.

Transplant management

When planting, it should be watered thoroughly. Slowly water the seedlings once every 4 to 5 days after planting, and then water according to the condition. In the late stage of the rosette, the roots enter the expansion stage, and 10 kg of urea is applied per acre, and the fertilizer is applied 1-2 times. The application of fertilizer must be combined with watering. After planting or seedling planting, weeding and weeding 1-2 times in time to control the growth of the above-ground part and promote root expansion. ^[3]

Build a cultivation pond

In a solar greenhouse or small warm cellar, dig a cultivation pond that is 5-6 meters long, 1.2 meters wide, and 0.5 meters deep. The cellar can be a cement cultivation pond with a width of 1.2 meters, a length of 5-6 meters or a depth of 0.3 meters depending on the length of the cellar.

Seed root classification

According to the size of the roots of the seed, the root diameter is more than 4 cm for the first grade, the root diameter of 3 to 4 cm is the second grade, and the root diameter is less than 3 cm for the third grade.

Stocking time

After rooting and harvesting, after 20 days of cold treatment of the species with dormant characteristics, according to the market time, it can be stored for 35 to 40 days. Varieties without dormant properties do not require cold treatment.

Root treatment

Cut the upper part of the root plant into a spire shape, leave the top buds, and cut off the lower root tip. The optimal length is 20 cm. Method for tidying up the roots: Cut off the leaf clump at about 6 cm above the root crown, scoop out the yellow leaves and rotten leaves, stack the large and small roots separately, and transport them to a cool place for storage. Note that the stubble on the roots should not be too long or too short. If it is left too long, it will easily rot and damage the roots when stored; if it is left too short, it will easily cut the growth point and not form a qualified commercial bulb. Sorting, storage and transportation must be completed before the cold weather comes. Do not freeze the roots, otherwise the roots will rot due to frostbite during softening cultivation.

Code root

From the end of the pond, place chicory roots in rows of 16 to 20 roots, and fill the soil with the code roots. After coding, fill the root gap with garden soil, sand or sawdust.

Watering

Use a plastic tube to reach the bottom of the pool to water, to prevent the water from falling over the roots and pouring water. After watering the uneven surface, sprinkle some soil to make up.

A bamboo pole is placed on the mule, and the bamboo pole is covered with a black film, which does not expose any light. The cellar temperature is maintained at 15-20 ° C. When the cellar temperature is high, the grasshopper is opened to cool down, and when the cellar temperature is low, the mulch is increased. When you first enter the cellar, there is a lot of dew condensation. You should let out a small mouth to ventilate at night, but don't see light.

In-situ softening cultivation in winter

Chicory roots in open field for overwintering and in-situ softening cultivation. Roots grown in autumn are not harvested. They are directly overwintered in the open field or covered with corn stalks for a little overwintering. The cover is removed before watering in spring the next year. Covered with arch sheds, covered with grasshoppers for thermal insulation and softened cultivation. This method is only suitable for small area cultivation and is not suitable for large area promotion.

Family simple softening cultivation method

Chicory barrel planting is the use of plastic barrels (boxes) or wooden barrels (boxes) with a height of about 40 cm. The chicory roots are placed in the barrels, and water is added to one-third to one-half of the root height. Fill the gap with soil, and cover the bucket with light. Place it in a room with a suitable temperature. You can check the growth of the buds at night. You can often change the water or add water. You can cultivate a bucket a week, grow one after another, grow one after another, harvest one after another, and harvest and eat one after another. And the bucket can be reused.

Harvest storage of sprouts

The chicory sprouts can be harvested when they grow to 10-15 cm in height or weigh 80-150 grams. Cut with a knife at the junction of the rhizomes. Remove the outer leaves and impurities from the harvested bulbs, and then box them. After the bulbs are harvested, the roots can be cultivated to form side shoots. Generally, each root weighs 10-12 grams and can be harvested. Chicory sprouts are more resistant to storage. The principle of non-freezing is to store in a dark and cold place at 1 to 5 ° C for about 30 days. Cold storage can be stored for 6 months. ^[3]

Chicory is one of the earliest plants with literary records. More than 2000 years ago, the ancient Roman poet Horace wrote "Olive, chicory and mallow are my food" in an article describing his diet. Mombodo was regarded as "chicoree" in 1779, and the cultivation method used as leafy vegetables in French cooking has a long history. During the French Revolution Napoleon, chicory roots were added to coffee as impurities after processing. It is also the origin of chicory root as a cheap coffee substitute in Britain and the United States today. Chicory leaf is also a representative food in Roman recipes: fried with garlic and red pepper, accompanied by meat and potatoes, highlighting chicory Leaves have a slightly bitter taste and spice.

In 2005, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations pointed out that China and the United States are the main producers of chicory ingredients and lettuce.