What Is a Disease Vector?

Vector-borne diseases refer to infectious diseases mediated by blood-sucking arthropods (insects). Animal-borne infectious diseases mainly refer to infectious diseases of animal origin, such as rabies and plague. Transmitted infectious diseases. ^[1]

Vector infectious disease

infectious disease	Pathogen	Source of infection	way for spreading
Human bird flu	bird flu virus	Poultry with bird flu, mainly chicken	Infected mainly through close contact with birds and their stools through the respiratory or digestive tract
Malaria (swing)	Plasmodium	Patients and carriers of malaria	Spread through the skin of mosquito bites
plague	Yersinia pestis	Diseased wild rat, house rat or other canine	Rat, fleas, skin contact, respiratory droplets
Japanese encephalitis	Japanese encephalitis virus	Pigs are the main source of infection	Spread by mosquito bites
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever	Epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus	Rats are the main source of infection	Transmission by bite of poisoned animals, skin wounds in contact with feces such as infected feces or diet and airborne
Rabies	Rabies virus	Dog or cat with rabies or virus	Infected animal bites, scratches or licks, virus inhales through saliva through skin and mucous membranes
Schistosomiasis	Schistosomiasis	Schistosomiasis patients or sick cows contaminate water sources with feces and propagate in snails	Spread by people coming into contact with "outbreak water" of infected snails

infectious disease	Typical symptoms
Human bird flu	The initial stage is similar to ordinary flu, but it is more prone to high fever, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and multiple organ failures, leading to death.
Malaria (swing)	Periodic, timed onset of fever, chills, sweating and fever
plague	High fever, skin and mucous membrane bleeding, lymph node swelling and pain, and lung inflammation
Japanese encephalitis	High fever, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, difficulty breathing or failure
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever	Sudden fever, headache, orbital pain, low back pain (triple pain), bleeding spots on the skin and underarms, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms
Rabies	In the early stage of infection, there are symptoms such as headache, restlessness, fear, fever, etc. Itching, ants walking, and numbness in the bite area, and then paresis or paralysis, and "water phobia"
Schistosomiasis	Fever, diarrhea, pus and bloody stools in the acute phase, and hepatosplenomegaly in the chronic phase

1. Animal feeding and care

In contact with animals (such as rats, chickens, geese, ducks, birds, cats, dogs, and wild animals, etc.), pay attention to prevent being scratched or bitten. Always wash your hands after contact.

Avoid contact with feces and feces of cats, dogs, birds and rats.

Vaccinate pets and livestock in time.

Avoid feeding pets and poultry with undercooked animal offal.

Properly dispose of feces of poultry, livestock and pets, and do not let pets and livestock drown.

2. Food hygiene

Do not eat raw or half-cooked eggs and meat, and do not eat wild game.

Do not eat cold food, water, and drinks that may be contaminated by animals such as rodents.

The internal organs and feces of poultry and livestock may contain viruses, so the intestines and internal organs and meat must be handled separately during cooking, and the slaughtering and carrying equipment must be thoroughly cleaned.

The remaining food should be kept refrigerated or sealed. Fly and rodent should be protected from dust and dust. Food should be thoroughly heated before eating.

3.Personal protection

Use personal protective equipment (such as mosquito nets, protective clothing, protective gloves, etc.) in areas or seasons where the epidemic is endemic, or engaged in work at risk of infection.

Avoid direct contact with exposed skin or wounds, which may contain pathogenic excretions, contaminated articles, and "epidemic water".

4. Early detection of patients and sources of infection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment.

5. Perform immunization, preventive medication and strengthen personal protection.

6. Rectify environmental hygiene and cut off transmission channels.

Vector Infectious Disease Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a kind of acute infectious disease caused by avian influenza virus.

Source of infection: chickens, ducks and other birds infected with avian influenza.

Route of transmission: Humans can be infected by direct contact with infected birds, their stools and secretions. No human-to-human transmission has been identified.

Susceptible and high-risk groups: Children under 12 are most vulnerable to infection. People in close contact with poultry are at high risk for this disease.

Precaution:

1. Bird flu is preventable, controllable and curable;

2. Maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, maintain indoor air circulation, and strengthen physical exercise;

3. Pay attention to food hygiene. Cook poultry and eggs thoroughly, and separate raw and cooked food when processing and preserving food.

4. The public, especially children, try to avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds (chickens, geese, ducks, birds, etc.);

5. Wash hands with soap and running water after coming into contact with birds and their eggs and feces;

6. If you have a fever and respiratory symptoms, you should wear a mask to see the doctor as soon as possible, and remember to tell the doctor if you have traveled or had contact with birds before the onset of illness

7, once sick, should be treated and administered under the guidance of a doctor, rest, drink plenty of water, pay attention to personal hygiene.

Vector Infectious Disease Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by the adult parasites of schistosomiasis in the blood vessels of the liver and spleen portal veins.

Precaution:

1. Avoid contact with epidemic water. Do not wash, wash vegetables, play with water, or bathe in infected water.

2. Strengthen personal protection when exposed to epidemic water, such as wearing high-top rubber shoes or protective clothing, rubber gloves, etc.

3. Do not poop in any place. It is forbidden to poop into the river and use fresh manure to fertilize.

4. In contact with the epidemic water, symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, liver enlargement, and pain in the liver area, etc., should be checked and treated at a blood control station or local hospital as soon as possible.

Vector infectious disease rabies

Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus, also known as hydrophobia. Rabies is mainly transmitted from animal to animal. Humans are infected mainly by bitten or scratched animals such as dogs and cats with the virus.

Precaution:

1. Give rabies vaccine to domestic pets in time.

2. When playing with pets such as cats and dogs, pay attention to prevent them from being scratched or bitten, and avoid close contact between cats and dogs, especially strange or stray cats and dogs.

3. Seek medical treatment as soon as possible after being bitten or scratched by a cat or dog, and immediately treat the wound and vaccination.

Treatment of the wound: It is best to clean and disinfect the wound within a few minutes after the bite. The wound can be repeatedly and thoroughly washed with 3% to 5% soap water or 0.1% Xinjieer. The wound is generally not sutured or bandaged.

Vaccination: Once bitten by a dog, especially a suspicious dog, vaccinate the rabies immediately and give the whole shot (5 shots on 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days).

Vector Infectious Disease JE

Epidemic Japanese encephalitis (JE) is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is caused by acute inflammation of the brain and parenchyma. Most popular in summer and autumn.

Source of infection: Humans and animals (especially pigs, horses, dogs) carrying JE virus.

Route of transmission: People and animals carrying JE virus infect healthy people by being bitten by mosquitoes.

Susceptible and high-incidence populations: generally susceptible, prevalent in children under 10 years of age, with the highest incidence in children aged 2-6 years, and lasting immunity after infection.

Typical symptoms: high fever (> 40 ), nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness, coma, neck resistance, convulsions and other symptoms. Severe cases with respiratory failure, the mortality rate is as high as 20-50%, and sequelae can remain.

Precaution:

1. Carry out patriotic health campaigns and do a good job in preventing and killing mosquitoes.

2. Use mosquito nets to isolate Japanese encephalitis patients and strengthen management of livestock and poultry.

3. Inoculation of JE vaccine is the most important means of preventing JE. Children receive one shot at 1 year, 2 years, and 6 years. ^[1]