What Is a Toxoid?
Toxoid (English: toxoid; anatoxin), also known as toxin, degeneration toxin. Refers to some toxins that have been denatured or chemically modified to lose their original toxicity but still retain their immunogenicity. Toxoids are defined in medical microbiology as: bacterial exotoxin is treated with 0.3% ~ 0.4% formaldehyde to remove its toxicity and to preserve its immunogenicity is toxoid.
- [lèi dú sù]
- Chinese scientific name
- Toxoid
- nickname
- Detoxification
- Foreign name
- toxoid; anatoxin
- Nature
- toxin
- Toxoid (English: toxoid; anatoxin), also known as toxin, degeneration toxin. Refers to some toxins that have been denatured or chemically modified to lose their original toxicity but still retain their immunogenicity. Toxoids are defined in medical microbiology as: bacterial exotoxin is treated with 0.3% ~ 0.4% formaldehyde to remove its toxicity and to preserve its immunogenicity is toxoid.
- For example, some bacterial exotoxin can be detoxified after treatment with formaldehyde and other products. Although the toxicity disappears, the immunogenicity remains unchanged, so it still has the ability to stimulate the body to produce antitoxins, so that the body will have an autoimmune effect on a certain disease. They are widely used to prevent certain infectious diseases. Diphtheria can be prevented by injecting diphtheria toxoid into the human body. Others include tetanus toxoid, staphylococcal toxoid, and cholera toxoid. They can also be injected into animals for the preparation of antitoxins.
- Working principle
- The bacterial exotoxin loses toxicity after being treated with formaldehyde, but still retains its immunogenicity, and can stimulate the body to produce protective immunity. The concentration of commonly used formaldehyde solution is 0.3 to 0.4%. It can change the charge of bacterial exotoxin, block its free amino group, and produce methylene compounds (CH2 = N-). The relationship between other groups (such as indole isopyrazole ring) and the side chain can also be changed to become toxoids. Commonly used toxoids are diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid. In addition, if an appropriate amount of aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide is added to the toxoid, the toxin is purified by adsorption.
- Such preparations are absorbed slowly in the body, can stimulate the body for a long time, make the body produce high titer antibodies, and enhance the immune effect. Toxoids can also be combined with dead vaccines to make combined vaccines. For example, the triple vaccine of pertussis is made by mixing pertussis vaccine, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid. It is mainly used in children. After injection, it can prevent children with diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. Toxoids play an important role in the prevention of infectious diseases caused by exotoxin. They can be used for human and animal immunization to make them resistant to disease through artificial autoimmunity. They can also be used to immunize animals and extract antitoxins from animal blood After the antiserum is injected into the human body, the human body can immediately obtain the corresponding specific immunity through passive immunization.