What Is Nutritional Support?
Nutritional support refers to supplementing or providing the necessary nutrients to maintain the human body through enteral and external routes when the patient's diet is not available or inadequate. Nutritional support methods include enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, or two types of sharing, which play an important role in protecting organs, reducing complications, controlling infections, and promoting recovery.
- Chinese name
- Nutritional support
- the way
- Enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition or both
- Clinical significance
- Protect organs, reduce complications, and control infections
Basic Information
Nutrition support benefits
- 1. The advantages of enteral nutrition are in line with the physiological characteristics of the human body, and are conducive to metabolic regulation and visceral protein synthesis. can maintain and improve the integrity of the intestinal mucosal structure and function. The operation is convenient, safe and effective, and the complications are relatively low.
2. Advantages of parenteral nutrition Avoid possible enteral nutritional complications. Adjustable rehydration formula. can quickly reach the required calories and protein quality. It is more convenient and easy for patients to accept. can correct malnutrition in a short time.
Indications for nutrition support
- 1. Indications for enteral nutrition can not eat or drink normally for a long time, there are indications that need nutritional support. People who cannot orally eat normally, inadequate food intake or food contraindications, such as those with unconsciousness, have myasthenia gravis, which makes it difficult for patients to swallow and lose chewing ability. gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastrointestinal fistula, inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal diseases. extra-gastrointestinal diseases, perioperative nutrition, tumor radiotherapy, chemotherapy aids, burns, liver and kidney failure, etc.
2. The indications for parenteral nutrition are mainly applicable to gastrointestinal nutritional dysfunction, including patients with severe malnutrition. Patients who cannot eat or cannot absorb nutrients through the digestive tract due to severe diarrhea, stubborn vomiting, and intestinal resection. Patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients with gastrointestinal obstruction. High catabolic state, can not absorb nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract in a short time.
Contraindications to nutrition support
- 1. Contraindications to enteral nutrition (1) Complete intestinal obstruction and severely slow gastrointestinal motility.
(2) Acute stage of severe pancreatitis.
(3) Early stage of severe stress such as severe trauma and burn and shock state.
(4) Extensive resection of the small intestine within 4 to 6 weeks.
(5) Patients who are prone to dumping syndrome after most gastric resections.
2. Contraindications to parenteral nutrition dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction; shock; hemodynamic instability or severe water, electrolyte, acid-base balance disorders; patients requiring emergency surgery; dying or irreversible coma; Those with normal gastrointestinal function or indications for parenteral nutrition.
Nutrition support infusion route
- 1. Enteral nutrition infusion should be based on the state of the disease, the length of feeding time, the gastrointestinal tract and mental state of the patient, and the choice of nasogastric tube or nasoduodenum, jejunal tube or percutaneous gastrostomy or jejunostomy Mouth indwelling tube.
2. The parenteral nutrition infusion route is based on the patient's venous anatomy conditions, vascular puncture history, coagulation status, expected parenteral nutrition time, nursing environment, etc., and the central or peripheral venous puncture cannula can be selected.
Nutrition support complications
- 1. Enteral nutritional complications include: aspiration and aspiration pneumonia; acute peritonitis and intestinal infections; electrolyte disturbances and hypercapnia; abnormal blood glucose. Diarrhea. skin, mucous membrane erosion, ulcer, obstruction, etc. in the relevant position of the catheter.
2. Parenteral nutrition complications include: local or systemic infections; pneumothorax, hemothorax, and thoracic duct injuries, catheter displacement; thrombophlebitis, water and electrolyte metabolism disorders, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal blood glucose liver damage; metabolic bone disease; intestinal mucosal atrophy.