What is Psychoanalysis?

The psychoanalytic school is one of the European and American schools of modern psychology, and it is also one of the schools that widely influence western aesthetics, literary criticism, and sociology. In 1895, Austrian physicians Freud and Bruyer co-published "Research on Hysteria", and in 1900 Freud published "Dream Interpretation", which began to lay down the theory of psychoanalysis. Later, Freud founded a society, yearbook, bulletin, magazine, and international publishing house, which was widely publicized. The theory of psychoanalysis has gradually expanded from the theory and technology of psychiatric treatment to the ideological system of psychology, and then to the field of life philosophy and publicity and research. This school is also called Freudianism. According to Freud, the human mind is composed of three layers: the ego, the ego, and the superego. "Ego" is an unconscious structure, which is the instinct and desire associated with the flesh. It acts on the principle of "happiness"; "Ego" is a structure of consciousness, a process of cognition. Satisfy instinct requirements; "super-ego" is a structure formed by the ethics infused by society, and acts in accordance with the "best principle" to restrict self. ^[1]

Want to be right

---- Human instinct, libido.

Human instinct impulses:

(1) Instinct of life: food, sex, eroticism => Eros

(2) Instinct of Death: Conflict, Aggression, Death => Thanatos

The identity is the individual's original state of consciousness, which follows the principle of simple happiness. In other words, it wants to be satisfied as soon as it needs to be satisfied.

Ego refers to the state of consciousness developed by individuals in order to reconcile the surrounding world and internal drives by suspending or stopping the principle of happiness and following the principles of reality in the objective environment. It will be willing to have a waiting process when it needs to be satisfied. It follows the principles of realism.

The ego is generally the level of consciousness that arises by delaying the immediate needs of the ego.

One view is that the paradigm of the self coexists with the ego, and then develops strong.

There is also a saying that the ego is differentiated from the self.

Both of these are classic concepts.

The superego is a state of consciousness resulting from the moral and other influences of the external environment, and it follows the ideal principle. The superego is social, and it manifests itself in the form of conscience.

There are two views in the psychoanalytic school on the time when the superego began to develop. One is that the superego began to form at the age of six, and the other view that the superego began to form around the age of 10. The identity serves as an early basis for the individual. It adheres to the principle of happiness, and then emerges in the interaction and adaptive development of the individual and the real environment to begin to adapt to the principle of reality. ^[4]

The classic description is a method using comparative phenomena.

Consciousness: Feelings and experiences that individuals perceive at any moment.

Pre-consciousness: memories of events and experiences that can be extracted with appropriate effort or attention.

Subconscious: Memory and emotions, which must be pushed away as a threat to consciousness, cannot be noticed simply by paying attention, and may leak parts of it in dreams, verbal errors, and humor. It can also be discovered through techniques such as psychoanalysis.

Is there a difference between the subconscious and the unconscious?

This is sometimes mixed in some translations, according to Zhang Chunxing's "Modern Psychology" (

Xu Jun (dhiti)

What is libido?

The energy of mental activity, the excitement of the nerve center.

When libido comes into play, we experience a state of psychological excitement.

What is the difference between libido and instinct?

Instincts include simple responses such as knee-jump reflexes, while libido does not include these simple reflexes.

But in some literature of psychoanalysis, libido may equal instinct, but the "instinct" here is the meaning of libido, not the physiological instinct.

There are two kinds of force ratios: sexual power ratio and attack power ratio.

Freud's point of view may be more biased toward the expression of physiologically similar meanings, because he is inclined to the basis of physiology.

But he also realized that this is not exactly the same as simple physiological excitement. It is a more advanced "physiological" excitement.

But not all psychoanalytic psychologists agree with this view.

Mainly from the story of Oedipus in Greek mythology

The story begins with the birth of a baby. While worshipping the nation and cheering for his lovely prince, the great prophet predicted that the baby would one day kill his father and marry his mother.

The definition of the defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud and the International Psychoanalytic Society is that the self's counteracting effect on the impulse is the defense mechanism.

In detail, it is that the ego fights against some impulses of the ego, signals anxiety reaction to the impulses, and then makes some defensive activities. These defenses include ways to suppress, rationalize, reverse, etc. ^[4]

What is a dream?

The subjective experience of emergence and consciousness in sleep is called a dream after waking.

What is a dream?

The conscious experience during sleep, whether it can be recalled after waking up during sleep, is called dreamland.

What is an explicit dream?

The various components of dreams, dreams that can be remembered when waking up, are called explicit dreams.

What is a hidden dream?

The subconscious thoughts and desires that cause sleepers to dream are called hidden dreams. After that, it was easy to obtain through free association of psychoanalysis.

The subconscious mental process that turns a hidden dream into an explicit dream is called the work of dreams.

What are the three categories of the origin of dreams?

1. The sensory impression of sleepers at night, for example, the sleeper puts his feet out of the quilt, and dreams that he steps on the water with cold feet.

2. Sleepers' activities in the daytime awakening life and the thoughts and concepts that have an important influence, such as thinking about things to take during the day, so they dream of themselves taking the examination at night.

3 Sleepers have been suppressed by their own impulses, which may include one to a few of them. These are excluded from consciousness due to self-defense when awake, but self-function weakens during sleep, and the impulses of the ego emerge. What psychoanalysis cares about is the dream of this origin category. ^[4]

The developmental school of the classical psychoanalysis school, personally think that it can be divided into early and late.

Theories developed by the early psychoanalytic schools

(1) Although the analysis of personality theory and dreams may not be completely correct, but before the trend is opened, the reasoning and argumentation is quite rigorous.

(2) The content of consultation has sneaked into the client's sneak into the world.

(3) Emphasis on early experience, case history, and understanding from life development are quite thorough.

(4) Prior to the development of academic ethos, the later factions came out, or spoke, or criticized.

(1) Consulting technology is difficult, learning is not easy, and the process is long-lasting.

(2) It is quite subjective, not scientific enough, and the effect is not clear. The key to success or failure lies in the experience and skills of the consultants and the degree of cooperation of the parties.

(3) Too much emphasis on biological and pathological (Sex), so it is called "psychology of disability" and "generalism" psychology.

(4) Ignore racial and cultural factors.