What Are the Different Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?
The autonomic nervous system is the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. It differentiates and develops from somatic nerves to form a functionally independent nervous system. It is composed of efferent nerves singly or mainly and is subject to the control of the brain, but has more independence, especially autonomous activities that are not dominated by the will. Therefore, Langley (J. N. Langley 1905) was named as autonomic nerve System, also called involuntary nervous system or autonomic nervous system.
Autonomic nervous system
- The autonomic nervous system is the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. It differentiates and develops from somatic nerves to form a functionally independent nervous system. Singly or mainly
- The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral efferent nervous system and regulates the activities of visceral and vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and glands. Also known as the autonomic nervous system, the involuntary nervous system. Because visceral reflexes are usually not controlled at will, they are called the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. It governs and regulates the activities and secretions of various organs, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands of the body, and participates in endocrine regulation of glucose, fat, water and electrolyte metabolism, and body temperature. Sleep and blood pressure. Under the dominance of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, the two subsystems both antagonize and coordinately regulate the physiological activities of the organs. The structure of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the central part and the surrounding parts. The autonomic nervous system is mainly distributed to the viscera, cardiovascular, and glands. Their central parts are also in the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral parts include visceral motor (efferent) fibers and visceral sensory (afferent) fibers, which constitute the visceral motor nerve and Visceral sensory nerve. [1]
Autonomic nervous system performance
- The autonomic nerve is also called vegetative nerve because it is not subject to human will. The autonomic nerve directly or indirectly regulates the functional activities of internal organs and maintains the balance of the internal and external environment of the body. Once dysfunction, it can lead to dysfunction of visceral functional activity. The main manifestations of autonomic dysfunction: changes in breathing depth and frequency in the respiratory system; paroxysmal hypertension, periodic hypotension, sinus tachycardia or bradycardia in the cardiovascular system, and similar cardiac muscles Infarction: gastrointestinal function and digestive juice secretion may occur in the digestive system; frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and even urinary incontinence or urinary retention in the urinary system; if the symptoms are paroxysmal, facial flushing and sweating may be abnormal , Pupil dilation or contraction, tachycardia or bradycardia, salivation, chills, abdominal pain, etc. Others can still produce sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders and so on.
Autonomic nervous system therapy
- Treatment of autonomic dysfunction:
- (1) Oryzanol 20-50 mg is commonly used for drugs that regulate autonomic functions, 3 times a day.
- (2) Symptomatic treatment of palpitation, diazepam and diazepam (Diazepam); excessive sweating can be used Chinese medicine Yupingfeng granules or oyster powder; neurogenic urination with Chinese medicine shrinkage pills or Sanjin tablets; gastrointestinal disorders Multivitamin B solution, pepsin or multi-enzyme tablets can be used; those with sleep disorders can take diazepam (diazepam) 5 mg or rimemine 10 mg before going to bed; others can also use diazepam (diazepam) 5 mg as appropriate. 2 times / day; alprazolam 0.25 mg, 3 times / day; estazolam 1-2 mg, 2-3 times / day; iprafurin 0.15 g / day, for 7-30 days.
Relationship between the autonomic nervous system and cholelithiasis
- About 33-46% of patients with liver cirrhosis are associated with gallstones, and their incidence is known to increase with the duration and severity of liver disease. It is speculated that autonomic nerve disorders may be related to gallstone formation or gallbladder disease. As seen in diabetes with autonomic nerve disorders, autonomic nerve disorders can delay gallbladder emptying. The purpose of the study was to identify patients with cholelithiasis or gallbladder disease with chronic cirrhosis, who may or may not have autonomic disorders. Autologous nerve function tests, gallstone or gallbladder disease tests were performed on 123 patients (71 of them males) with varying degrees of liver disease (child group: A, 40; B, 45; C, 35). Of all patients, 54 had cholelithiasis and another 22 had other gallbladder diseases (cholestyritis, common bile duct stones, or silt-like stones). 97 patients had an autonomic nervous disorder (48 of them had one test abnormality and 49 patients had more than two test abnormalities). Cholelithiasis has similar incidence in several groups of children with cirrhosis
- Autonomic nervous system