What is a small RNA?
Small RNA is a term used to describe several classes of non -coding ribonucleic acid (NCRNA). Although the term small RNA is often used to describe short NCRN chains found in bacterial cells, it also applies as an umbrella term for other NCRN types that have been studied in animals, plants and fungi. Small RNA is strongly involved in the gene regulation and may have application in gene therapy. Instead, it is involved in other cellular functions, including gene expression and modification. Small RNA molecules usually consist of about 20 to 30 nucleotides. There are many types of small RNA, including microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (sirna) and small nuclear RNA (Snorny). The silence of the gene is a process of genetic regulation in which a gene that would be expressed would be "turned off" by an intracellular element, in this case a small RNA. A protein that would normally be created this genetic information is not created for interference and information coded in the gene is blocked from expression.
The silence of the gene has an important role in the natural protection of organisms from a viral attack. Research has shown that SIRI can also have therapeutic use because it can be used to induce the target gene knockout. The complexity of genetic regulation makes the development of SIRI therapeutic potential, especially because it behaves differently in different types of cells.
Snorny, another class Small RNA, acts as mediators in chemical modifications of other RNA molecules. For example, Snorny helps to guide pre-royal RNA (pre-rna) and facilitate its development into ripe ribraosomal RNA (RRNA), which is one of the main components of ribosomes. It seems that some snores do not focus on a specific RNA molecule and may have other functions such as alternative haircut control or RNA sequence connection.
Small RNA actions have been studied in several model organisms. Many of them are plants likeIt is a flowering plant of Arabidopsis Thaliana, corn and rice. Other models include Caenorhabditis Nematode elegans, fruit fly Drosophila Melanogaster, mice and people. Using these and other organisms, the potential of small RNA as a tool for genetic manipulation is examined by scientists in the field of applied biology and medicine.