What Is an Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody?

negative.
(Note: The specific reference value depends on the laboratory.)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is an antibody that reacts with lysosomal enzymes in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and monocytes. It is a group of human neutrophil cytoplasmic components as the target antigen. Autoantibodies closely related to a variety of small vessel inflammatory diseases. ANCA was first detected in the serum of patients with necrotizing glomerulonephritis in 1982. Indirect immunofluorescence studies have shown that there are two models of neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody fluorescence staining. Cytoplasmic (cANCA) and perinuclear (pANCA) ANCA have important clinical effects on systemic vasculitis and inflammatory bowel disease Diagnostic significance.

Name: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

category: Immunology

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody normal value

negative.
(Note: The specific reference value depends on the laboratory.)

Clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Anomalous results: ANCA is considered to be a specific serum marker of primary microvasculitis. The most common ANCA-positive diseases are Wegeners granulomatosis (WG), idiopathic focal segmental necrotizing glo merulomephritis (IFSNG N), and crescent glomeruli. ANCA can be detected in nephritis (NCGN) and nodular polyarteritis (PAN). The positive rate of cANCA in WG can be as high as 90%. Positive anti-PR3 antibody is a specific indicator for diagnosing WG. In patients with necrotizing or crescent glomerulonephritis, the positive rate of ANCA can reach 80%, and the specific antigen corresponding to pANCA is mainly MPO. The detection of ANCA can greatly improve the early diagnosis rate of renal vasculitis.
ANCA testing is an important indicator for the diagnosis, efficacy observation, disease activity and recurrence of patients with primary small vasculitis. Many studies have shown that the serum ANCA titer in patients with primary microvasculitis is related to disease activity, and an increase or continuous increase in ANCA titer indicates that the disease will worsen or recur after recurrence. Increased ANCA titers often occur before disease recurrence, so dynamic monitoring of ANCA is of great significance in predicting disease recurrence. ANCA-positive diseases include secondary vasculitis, non-vascular inflammatory diseases (such as inflammatory diseases of the lungs), inflammatory ulcers (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, disseminated lupus erythematosus, autoimmune Hepatitis and so on. However, the relevant ANCA target antigens in these diseases are different, and different antigen-antibody systems are related to different diseases, so the detection of specific target antigens of ANCA is more helpful for clinical diagnosis.
People to be checked: those with large areas of skin inflammation

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies considerations

Abnormal population: generally no special population
Contraindications before the test: Please inform the doctor about the recent medication situation and special physiological changes before the test.
1. Don't eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before blood drawing, and avoid drinking a lot. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results.
2. After 8 pm the day before the physical examination, fasting should be started for 12 hours to avoid affecting the test results.
Requirements during the examination: You should relax when taking blood, avoid the contraction of blood vessels due to fear, and increase the difficulty of collecting blood.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody inspection process

Indirect immunofluorescence method: Label fluorescein on the corresponding [de] antibody and directly react with the corresponding antigen.
In the first step, add an unknown unlabeled [de] antibody (sample to be tested) to a known antigen sample, and incubate at 37 ° C for 30 minutes in a wet box to fully bind the antigen and antibody, and then wash to remove the unbound [de] antibody. .
In the second step, add fluorescently labeled [de] antiglobulin antibodies or anti-IgG, IgM antibodies. If an antigen-antibody reaction occurs in the first step, the labeled [de] antiglobulin antibody will further bind to the bound antigen [de] antibody, so that unknown antibodies can be identified.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody related diseases

Allergic vasculitis and granulomatosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, allergic vasculitis, polyangiitis under the microscope, discoid lupus erythematosus, antibodies, lupus nephritis, systemic vasculitis, primary small vessel inflammation kidney Damage, systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis