In Meteorology, What Is Snow Cover?

The term warm winter, which was not defined in meteorology in the past, is a new meteorological term resulting from climate warming in recent years.

Warm winter

(Meteorological term)

definition

According to this definition, the average winter temperature in China for 18 consecutive years from 1987 to 2004 is higher than the climatic average of 1961-1990, which is -4.7 ° C. Therefore, it can be said that the warm winter phenomenon has occurred for 18 consecutive years. According to the new 1971-2000 The average annual climate is -4.2 ° C, and the national average temperatures of the two winter seasons of 1995/1996 and 1999/2000 are -4.3 ° C and -4.4 ° C, respectively, which are lower than the new climate averages, which cannot be regarded as warm winter. It is more scientific to say that 2004 was the fourth consecutive warm winter.

Warm winter standard

According to the regulations of the International Meteorological Organization, in 2002, China started to use the average temperature of the 30-year winter (1971 to February) from 1971 to 2000 as the annual value (climate average). The cold and warm winter phenomena can be divided into three types: warm winter, cold winter, and normal winter. The specific classification is as follows: When the average winter temperature of an area in a certain year is higher than the normal value by 0.5 ° C, the area is said to be warm winter and lower than the normal value It is cold winter at 0.5 or above. The rest is normal winter. Since January 1, 2012, in the daily climate business in China, the previous 1971-2000 climatic average value has been abolished, and the new round of 1981-2010 average values have been used as annual values or climate values.

Scientific definition

The concept of warm winter has a strict scientific definition. Whether warm winter depends on whether the national average temperature throughout the winter is higher than normal. Therefore, when the temperature is relatively high (relatively warm) at one time in winter, it is said to be warm winter, and when the temperature is relatively low (relatively cold), it is said to be cold winter, then a winter is both warm and cold Winter's joke.

In the past 2006, it was a real warm winter in China. Temperatures are generally high and there is very little snowfall.

Russian scientists believe that the Martian warming and Earth warming cycles are consistent, the main reason is the sun; some American scientists also believe that

Save energy and reduce power supply pressure

Electricity is needed for heating. If it is warmer in winter, the power supply pressure will be reduced. However, as the cold and warm seasons vary in winter and the temperature fluctuates, taking heating measures according to the weather conditions can greatly save energy.

Reduce mortality from three types of diseases

A large amount of data shows that the daily deaths of residents are closely related to the season and temperature. In winter, the elderly are most affected by temperature. The number of deaths in three types of diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumors and heart disease, has increased significantly in cold weather. Therefore, the cold air in winter is not strong and the weather is not very cold, which will reduce the incidence of the above diseases and the number of deaths of residents, especially the elderly.

Fast snowfall and favorable traffic

Due to the high temperature in winter, even snow will melt quickly, it is not easy to form snow on the road, which is good for traffic. In addition, the snow melts quickly, use

Greatly increased respiratory diseases

Due to the high temperature in winter, various germs and viruses can be active

First of all, we must realize that the appearance of warm winter does not mean that we can relax in winter and keep warm. Because even in warm winter weather conditions, strong cold air effects are not ruled out, and strong cooling weather occurs. Therefore, we must keep abreast of the changes in the weather. Once encountering severe cold waves and strong cooling weather conditions, we need to strengthen cold protection and warmth. "

In addition, to prevent diseases, especially

Although scientists have not been able to come up with effective solutions so far, the next best thing is to try every means to curb the growth of emissions, and let it be left to development. International public opinion is also constantly appealing in this direction, and research institutions in various countries have also proposed various specific countermeasures.

Complete ban on chlorofluorocarbons

: In fact, the world is pushing forward in this direction, which is the most likely possibility for this case. If this case can be achieved, it is estimated that the global warming up to 2050 can exert a suppression effect of about 3%.

Countermeasures to protect forests

: With

Meteorological experts said that because the temperature in warm winter is slightly higher than usual, this makes all kinds of bacteria and viruses active, and the spread of diseases and insect pests. The warm and dry winter, and the long-term use of heating and air conditioning, will make the population dry, sore throat, nosebleeds, dry and itchy skin, and angry. It will also weaken the defense function of the human upper respiratory tract and induce various respiratory diseases. How to prevent the occurrence of these diseases in warm winter, experts make the following suggestions:

Ventilation

It is recommended to open the window for ventilation no less than twice a day, no less than 15 minutes each time, but because the outdoor air is relatively cold, the ventilation time should not be too long, up to 30 minutes. Households using coal stoves for heating and gas water heaters should pay more attention to installing ventilation devices. In addition, placing a small and efficient negative ion generator indoors is also a good way to keep the air flowing and fresh. You can also use indoor vinegar fumigation, ozone UV, or sanitary incense to disinfect indoor air on a regular basis.

Pay attention to humidification

Air humidity has the greatest impact on respiratory diseases. According to the national indoor air quality standards: the indoor air humidity standard in winter is 30% to 60%. The dry air and low humidity in winter lead to the breeding and spread of germs. In addition, the use of heating and air conditioning, the humidity in the indoor environment is often low. It is suggested to take some effective measures, such as drinking plenty of water; when cooking indoor stoves or heating, you can burn a pot of water on the stove to evaporate the moisture; dry some wet clothes and towels indoors; sprinkle water on the ground and put a pot When the water is indoors, use an air humidifier or a negative oxygen ion generator to increase the moisture content in the air and enhance the comfort of the human body, thereby avoiding the occurrence of respiratory diseases or reducing its symptoms. In addition, the indoor temperature should not be too high or too low. It is recommended to keep it at 16 ~ 24 .

take more exercise

Experts remind that the fundamental way to avoid or reduce winter respiratory diseases is to strengthen exercise, strengthen physical fitness, and improve their disease resistance. There are many recommended exercise methods, such as walking, jogging, doing radio exercises, and Taijiquan, etc., and must follow the principle of "different from person to person, step by step, do what you can, and persevere." At the same time, it is necessary to take appropriate rest, maintain a normal lifestyle, avoid overwork, ensure adequate sleep, reduce psychological stress, and improve the body's ability to resist disease. Also pay attention to a balanced diet, eat less spicy food, eat more light, digestible and vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables.

Go to public places less

Due to the cold weather in winter, the doors and windows are tightly closed and people spend more time indoors, which leads to a higher indoor carbon dioxide concentration than in summer. Especially in some large shopping malls and other public places, due to the high density of people, carbon dioxide concentrations will accumulate in large quantities. It is recommended to go to high-risk places and densely populated public places as much as possible. It is best to wear a mask when you have to go; pay attention to maintaining good personal hygiene habits such as washing hands, bathing, changing clothes, drying clothes and bedding. Wash hands with running water and soap immediately after returning from the toilet, after going out, and after sneezing, coughing, and cleaning the nose; frequently wash the upper respiratory tract to reduce the retention of bacteria and viruses in the respiratory tract. If there are flu patients nearby, disinfection should be taken promptly , Isolation and other measures.

Potted green plants

Easy and healthy winter, you can also use green plants to help purify the air, some green plants can also absorb harmful gases in the air. It is recommended to choose pots suitable for your own plant according to your needs. Ivy, iron tree, etc. can absorb benzene and organic matters; camellia, cyclamen, violet, tuberose, morning glory, dianthus, gladiolus, etc. can absorb harmful gases through the leaves; spider plants, aloe, and tigertail can absorb formaldehyde and other harmful Substances that eliminate and prevent indoor air pollution. Studies have shown that aloe vera can eliminate 90% of formaldehyde in 1 cubic meter of air under 24-hour lighting conditions.