What are some of the herbivores' adaptations to defense of plants?

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Herbivoři use five main categories of strategies to avoid defensive and consumption of the plant: mechanical adaptations (such as teeth), biochemical adaptations, behavior adaptation, microbial symbions and host handling. All are generally used simultaneously, albeit to a greater or lesser extent depending on the species. All are generally characterized as offensive adaptations because herbivore starts an attack on the plant, except for the rare case of carnivorous plants. Plants use different defense to discourage herbivores from their consumption - physical defense, such as spine, efforts to become less tasty, harmful chemicals (called secondary metabolic products) designed to stop herbivore and other strategies. At the same time, herbivores develop different strategies to circumvent plant defense. Current plants of defenses, which are to be used against invaders of invertebrates and vertebrates. Herbivores must have some mechanism of feeding, teeth or almonds,to tear off parts of the plant and consume. This is reflected in thousands of different variations on a simple tooth concept, from tens of thousands of teeth in a snail to 32 permanent human teeth. Depending on whether the animal is exclusive herbivorous or omnivore, his teeth will be more or less sharp or curved, shaped differently to suit his personal diet.

Another class adaptation against plant defense is chemical. Many herbivores produce enzymes that disturb poisonous chemicals released by a plant when it is under attack. These negate immediate defense and allow herbivores to consume The plant. He then takes up another class of adaptations in the stomach - different herbivores have different stomachs with different bacteria adapted to spend molecules in their favorite foods. One of the most impressive evolutionary innovations among earthly animals Cellozoic was the development of a multi -oral stomach that withHe developed to spend the grass poor on the nutrients.

Some of the most interesting adaptations of herbivores to defense plants are handling behavioral adaptations. Herbivota can maximize the nutrition it gets, while minimizing the presence of undesirable chemicals such as tannins. Some of the smartest adaptations are handling the host, where the feeder somehow causes the plant to give up nutrients. This can be seen in the case of insects inducing bile and human agriculture.