What Is a Hybridoma?

It refers to the phenomenon that two or more cells merge to form one cell. He allows two nuclei of different origins to express functions in the same cell.

Hybridoma technology

The technology of fusing myeloma cells and immune lymphocytes (immune B lymphocytes) to form hybridoma cells capable of secreting highly pure monoclonal antibodies.

Hybridoma technique

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Kohler and Millestin invented the technology of lymphoma hybridoma in 1975, and finally solved the problem of preparing a pure antibody. Hybridoma technology is developed from cell fusion technology. Antibodies are globulins secreted by immune B lymphocytes, and the antibodies secreted by each lymphocyte are different. Therefore, to obtain a pure antibody, only the cell population produced by one B lymphocyte is required. However, B lymphocytes cannot survive for a long time in vitro, and die 2 or 3 times before division. Therefore, a large amount of antibodies secreted from the progeny cell population (clone) of one lymphocyte cannot be obtained. Myeloma cells have the characteristics of unlimited reproduction under in vitro culture conditions. Immune B lymphocytes and myeloma cells fuse to form hybridoma cells. This hybrid cell has the genetic characteristics of parental cells, which can secrete antibodies like B lymphocytes and proliferate indefinitely like myeloma cells, thus becoming "immortal cells" that secrete antibodies. Based on this principle, Kohler and Millstein successfully invented hybridoma technology.

The basic principle of hybridoma technology is to maintain the main characteristics of both cells by fusing them. The two types of cells are mouse spleen cells and mice

Monoclonal antibodies not only have important value in basic research in biology and immunology, but also have a wide range of applications in practice. In medicine, monoclonal antibodies have been used in the diagnosis of diseases, and their advantages are accurate diagnosis and no cross-reactivity. For example, monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and latent hepatitis B virus are rarely missed by false negatives. Monoclonal antibodies can also be used as drug carriers for treating diseases. Monoclonal antibodies have specific affinity for target tissues, so they have a specific localized distribution in vivo. Combining an anti-tumor drug with a monoclonal antibody against a certain tumor will allow the drug to selectively attack the tumor cells in the body, killing only target cells without damaging normal tissues, and greatly reducing the risk of anti-cancer drugs. side effect. Therefore, drug-carrying monoclonal antibodies are called "bio-missiles." Most of the currently produced monoclonal antibodies are mouse-mouse type, which is a heterogeneous protein for humans, so it is difficult to use for treatment. In order to solve the human body's rejection of heterologous monoclonal antibody proteins, scholars are working hard to develop human-human monoclonal antibodies, which is conducive to a large number of applications in the treatment of diseases. ^[1]