What is hybridom?
Hybridom cell is a hybrid of two other types of cells called b lymphocytes and myeloma cells. When B lymphocytes and myeloma cell are hybridized, it forms a hybridoma cell that is able to produce monoclonal antibodies. If the antibodies are monoclonal, it means that all antibodies in the sample come from the same B lymphocytes and are all identical. Monoclonal antibodies have a wide range of uses, including diagnostic medicine, and biological research.
B lymphocytes are cells producing an antibody of the immune system. The cells and antibodies they produce are necessary to ensure protection from bacterial infection, as well as infection with certain types of viruses. B lymphocytes produce specific antibodies, but have a limited life. The myeloma cell is a B lymphocyte that has become malignant and is therefore a cancer cell. Myeloma cells cannot produce antibodies, but are able to continue division in cellular culture indefinitely.
The Hybridomov Development processthe cells were invented in the 70s. To start this process, the mouse is immunized by protein antigen. The mouse then mounts the immune response to the antigen, which will include B lymphocytes producing antibodies that recognize antigen. Furthermore, the spleen of immunized mice is removed and B lymphocytes are isolated from the spleen tissue.
B lymphocytes producing antibody are then cultivated using myeloma cells. Culture of cells is treated with chemicals that make cell membranes permeable, which means that they are interrupted by small openings. This allows myeloma cells and b lymphocytes to combine more easily. When B lymphocytes are associated with myeloma cell, the result is a hybridoma cell. The next step is to insulate newly mistakes cells so that each cell is in its own separate culture. This is necessary to ensure that the antibodies produced by the cells are monoclonal and are not contaminated fortilda from different cells.
Finally, hybridom cells are selected for culture based on how well they recognize the antigen, which was used to immunize the mouse at the beginning of the process. This is important because B lymphocytes do not create all the same type of antibody, even if they were immunized by the same antigen. Each B lymphocyte produces antibodies that recognize antigen with a different degree of specificity and strength; Therefore, another selection process with the required answers is used to take cells producing antibody.
The ability to use hybridoms to create monoclonal antibodies to virtually any protein makes them an extremely useful scientific tool. Monoclonal antibodies are used in biological research to identify and isolation of cellular proteins. In diagnostic medicine, monoclonal antibodies are an active diagnostic tool because they can be used to detect bacterial, virus or tumor antigens that are also present in small quantities in the blood sample notBo tissues.