What is a magnetic cloud?

Magnetic cloud (MC) is defined as a special type of coronal mass ejection (CME), which occurs from the surface of the sun or event that immediately prevents or monitors the CME and its solar flow of charged particles. It wraps the ground as it spreads in the shape of a toroidal or donut similar, with one side of the torus concentrated on the sun and the other includes a large area of ​​space immediately inside the Earth's orbit. Space in the magnetic cloud is the magnetic flow area, where the Earth's magnetic field is largely rotated. The rotation of the magnetic cloud field has been projected since 1981 on at least 0.25 astronomical units (AUS) up to 1 AU size, while the Earth itself 1 AU at a distance from the Sun.

The presence of magnetic clouds similar to space weather may have a significant impact on Earth as they can cause storms in the Earth's magnetosphere and because they occur quite often. Examples of magnetic cloud events have been mapped at least 106 times since February 1995 DNovember 2007, with 16 cases in 1997. Each event usually lasts for less than one day and is oriented in the magnetic direction south to the south.

While the magnetic cloud shows a relatively low proton temperature, it can cause disorders of the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the Earth. These disorders can change the nature of the Aurora displays and disrupt the functioning of satellites, communication systems based on them and electricity. While the sun wind from the Sun is relatively constant, CME is a special event in the sun wind, where a huge amount of plasma and magnetic energy is depicted from the Sun at speeds that can reach up to 2,236,936 miles per hour (1,000 kilometers per second). Such events are often monitored by magnetic clouds, which are also known as magnetic flow ropes for their shape and behavior.

Magnetic cloud can prevent or watch CME severalhours or more hours. However, one difference between the two events is that the magnetic field line in the magnetic cloud remains connected to the sun, while the CME particles do not. The strength of the field in the cloud area weakens with increasing distance from the Sun, although the line of magnetic force in the area near the Earth twisted. The magnetic shock wave that passes through the Earth can last for only 10 to 20 hours or several days. Given this long duration and deviations in the orientation of the solar wind caused by the events of the magnetic cloud and CME can be predicted in advance with the daily announcement before it becomes significant.

Because almost one third of all CME events is associated with the occurrence of a magnetic cloud, scientific research has been progressed for many decades. Several space ships initiated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the US have been involved in the detection of magnetic clouds and other solar activities, including the advanced explosive explosive (ACE),Terá launched in 1997, launched in 1997, which started in 1994 and international explorer Sun-Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE 3), a group of three satellites used to study the magnetosphere that started from 1977 to 1982.