What is the isotype of antibodies?
b lymphocytes are a type of immune cells that are particularly important in combating bacterial infections. These cells produce a very large number of antibodies when activated by the presence of antigen from the attacking microorganism, but all do not produce the same types of antibody. There are five different types of antibodies that are referred to as isotypes of antibodies. The isotype of antibodies produced during an immune response usually depends on the type of microorganism that attacks the body. Each isotype of the antibody has a different function in the immune system. While the overall structure of all isotypes is very similar, there are some differences. The main resolution is the types of cellular receptors to which each isotype of the antibody can bind, allowing each to activate different parts of the immune system.
The isotype of the antibody, which is present in the greatest abundance in the body, is IgG. Up to 75% of blood antibodies are this type. The main feature of IGG is to provide protection against reinfection of microorganisms with which IThe Munit System has previously encountered. One way to do this is to launch a cascade of Complement, a number of immune protein reactions that result in the widespread death of invasive bacteria.
Two other isotypes of antibodies, called IgA and IgE, have similar functions to IgG. These three isotypes are able to create chemical bonds with proteins on the surface of bacteria and viruses. Microorganisms are covered with antibodies and these are recognized and destroyed by other cells in the immune system.
IgA and IgE have several other features. IGA is highly concentrated in mucosal linings, which are otherwise unprotected by immune son -in -law. IgA is present in the airways, in the intestines, vagina and rectum. In addition, this isotype of the antibody is excreted in breast milk and thus provides infants to infants to microorganisms that their mothers have previously infected. IgE is involved in starting immuneo System to attack parasites that infect cells and is also involved in the triggering of allergic reactions.
IGM is involved in the initial immune response to infection and is one of the first isotypes of antibodies produced by B lymphocytes when they are first activated. IGM is also able to trigger a cascade of the accessory. It is known that IGD is involved in an early life cycle of B lymphocytes, but has no other known roles.