What is acetylcholin receptor?

acetylcholin receptor is a transmembrane receptor protein that binds to a neurotransmitter acetylcholin, although it can also bind to other ligands with lower affinity. It is found in various forms throughout the central and peripheral nervous system of the body, most often in cell membranes of neurons. It plays an important role in the autonomic nervous system. The two main types of acetylcholine receptor are nicotine and muscarin. This type of acetylcholin receptor is a ligand-cited ion channel, with a central pore surrounded by five protein sub-units that differ depending on the function and location of the receptor in the body. It is a non -specific channel, which means that different types of positively charged ions of similar size can pass simultaneously. When acetylcholin binds, the channel opens, allowing the cations to flow freely through the leek. In cells, this usually occurs when sodium enters and performs potassium, but calcium ions can also pass through the channel.

These channels are found in the nervous system and neuromuscular intersections. In typical neurons, nicotine acetylcholine receptor can open and depolarize the membrane potential of cells by moving sodium and potassium ions. This is known as excitation postsynaptic potential (EPSP) that can cause neuron firing by creating action potential. In the muscles, the release of calcium through receptor channels can cause contraction. In this process of calcium ions reveal the binding sites between actin and myosin, allowing them to bind and counter the muscle.

The

muscarin acetylcholin receptor is named for its binding affinity to muscarin, a chemical found in mushrooms, above nicotine. These receptors differ from nicotine acetylcholin receptors because they are receptors linked to G-Proteins (GPCR) instead of ion channels and because they are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system of the body. Frequently doAstifice mechanisms of recovery in neurons and inhibitory mechanisms throughout the body.

muscarinic receptors are found in five main forms marked with m _{1 via m 5 . The first examples of the first, m 1, are found in postganglionic neurons, where they mediate the regeneration of potential or slow the initial depolarization of the membrane. The second type, M 2 , is found in the heart where it reduces the heart rate and the strength of the atrial contraction to act against stimulation by a sympathetic nervous system. The third, m 3 , is found in the walls of smooth muscles and blood vessels throughout the body and causes slow narrowing in these areas. The fourth, m 4 is a general signal inhibitor found throughout the central nervous system, while the location of the fifth, m 5 is not known.}