What is an Ion?

An ion is a charged particle formed by the loss of or gain of one or several electrons from an atom or group of atoms. This process is called ionization. The energy required or released during the ionization process is called ionization energy.

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Ion symbol: The symbol of the positive and negative charge number of the ion is indicated in the upper right corner of the element symbol. For example, a sodium atom that loses an electron and becomes a sodium ion with a positive charge is represented by "Na +". The sulfur atom acquires two electrons with the element symbol: the first letter of the Latin name of the element is used to indicate the element symbol (often positive and negative numbers are written in

Ions make up ionic compounds

With actual participation

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts composed entirely of ions that are liquid at room temperature or use temperature. They are generally composed of larger organic cations and smaller inorganic anions. There have been many reports on the physical and chemical properties and applications of ionic liquids, but the negative effects of ionic liquids have not attracted people's attention until recently. There are reports that ionic liquids are called "green products" because they have no vapor pressure and do not form volatile organic compounds during use. However, ionic liquids are not "green" productssome ionic liquids are even toxic. of. Jastorff et al. Pointed out that ionic liquids have certain hazards in design and application, and proposed that comprehensive evaluation of their potential hazards should be combined with multidisciplinary knowledge. From the process of preparation, regeneration and disposal of ionic liquids: the main raw materials currently used to prepare ionic liquids (alkyl-substituted imidazole, alkyl-substituted pyridine, alkyl-substituted salts and alkyl-substituted ammonium salts, etc.) are mostly volatile organic compounds; The regeneration process of ionic liquids is mainly the extraction process using volatile traditional organic solvents; some ionic liquids are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Therefore, the application risk of ionic liquids needs to be evaluated before large-scale application ^[1]

Studies on the toxicity of ionic liquids are still in their infancy abroad, and no related reports have been found in China. From the existing research reports, the current research work mainly focuses on the following two issues: one is the toxic effect of ILs on various organisms in the ecosystem; the other is the effect of the components of ILs on the toxicity of ILs. The effects of various components of ILs on their toxicity include the following: (1) the effect of cationic nuclei on the toxicity of ILs; (2) the effects of the length of side chain substituents R1 and R2 on the toxicity of ILs; (3) the effects of anions on the toxicity of ILs influences. The research methods are based on biological individual level toxicity test research, and there are a small number of molecular and cell level toxicity tests and SAR research ^[1] .