What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are highly condensed rods deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genetic material that contains building stones of life. DNA stores important information about the structure of the animal or plant and helps to direct the body as it grows and controls daily tasks. Chromosomes serve as a storage for this important material and are regularly divided together with cells and replicated for copies of DNA they contain. Chromosomes are also very important in sexual reproduction because they allow the body to pass genetic material to offspring. Most of these organisms have a set of chromosomes that come in pairs. In structural cells, each cell retains a complete set of chromosomes, in the so -called diploid form, which refers to the fact that the chromosome set is completed. In cells for sexual reproduction, such as eggs or sperm, each cell has only half the parent orgagenic material Nism, stored in haploid form, ensures that the parent passes half of their genes. ScientistsSometimes they look at telomers to get important information about the organism because they seem to change over time and can be associated with aging. When the chromosomes are divided into copies, telomer also ensures copying all important genetic material.

Every time the cell is divided, the chromosomes are replicated. In mitosis, normal cell division, chromosomes create copies of themselves that are later paired, so there are two cells with a set of diploid chromosomes at the end of the cell division process. When the cells are divided and produced by reproductive material, a process called meiosis, each division provides four cells, each of which is a mehploid set of chromosomes. These cells are known as gametes and, when they encounter, contain enough genetic material to create a completely new organism.

In humans, the normal number of chromosomes is 46 and appears in 23 pairs. Each pair of chromosomes depositsDifferent information and any chromosome damage can cause serious problems for the parent organism. Errors usually occur during cell division and create gaps in genetic material in the chromosome. In some cases, an abnormal number of chromosomes appears in a state known as Aneuploidy. Aneuploidy in reproductive cells can be the main problem because it will cause congenital defects.